185 



there are three or four broods a season, the adults hibernating beneath 

 leaves and other waste material. In August 1914, adults of Aegeria 

 (Sesia) rileyana, Dry., were found on S. carolinense. Larvae were 

 found in the stems of this plant on 24th May 1915, the tunnels running 

 in the central portion from the main branches to the roots. When 

 mature, the larva emerges through the roots and pupates in the soil 

 at a short distance from the plant. The majority of adults emerge 

 from the middle of August to the middle of September. Larvae of 

 A. rileyana were transferred to the stems of tomato and potato during 

 June. These plants proved to be suitable hosts ; the larvae rapidly 

 bored into the tissues and developed normally. Observations made 

 under natural and experimental conditions showed that the insects 

 thrive best under conditions of drought. Larvae of Cassida pallidula. 

 Boh., were transferred from horse nettle to potato and tomato on 

 30th June. Feeding began at once ; pupation occurred on 9th July 

 and adults emerged on 14th July. Pairing was observed to take place 

 a day later, while eggs were laid on tomato on the 17th and on potato 

 on the 19th July. The eggs hatched in from 9 to 13 days ; larvae 

 became mature in about a month, while the pupal period lasted from 

 6 to 10 days. [The Tingitid bug, Gargaphia solani, Heid., occurring 

 abundantly on horse nettle, was successfully placed on tomato and 

 potato ; the leaves soon showed black spots which marked the feeding 

 punctures. Egg-clusters placed on the same plants hatched in from 

 eight to nine days. Transfers of the weevil, Trichobaris trinotata,. Say, 

 from S. carolinense were made successfully. In the case of those 

 placed on tomato, the insect transformed to the adult stage within 

 the burrow and hibernated in this position. Eggs were deposited in. 

 holes pierced in the axils of the upper leaves or branches and the larvae 

 gradually worked downwards to the base of the stem for transformation. 

 The flea-beetles, Epitrix fuscula, Crotch, and E. cucumeris, Harr., were 

 readily transferred from the wild food-plant. There are probably at 

 least three broods of these insects annually in Missouri. The Sphingids,. 

 Protopaice {Phlegethontius) Carolina, L., and P. quinguemaculata, Haw., 

 showed a similar liking for potato and tomato. Experiments with 

 the Lygaeid. bug, Ischnodemus fallicus, Say, and two leaf-rollers of 

 S. carolinense are being carried out. 



Patch (Edith M.). Concerning Problems in Aphid Ecology.— J/. Econ. 

 Entom., Concord, ix, no. 1, February 1916, pp. 44-51, 



The migratory habit of certain Aphids renders the life-cycle difficult 

 to determine, but may be of use economically in affording a greater 

 choice in methods of control. It has been shown that Anoecia 

 {Schizoneura) corni, F., on dogwood and A. venusta. Pass., on grass 

 roots, in Europe, are the same species, as is also A. panicola, Thorn., on 

 grasses in North America. Pemphigus tessellata of alder and P. acenfolii 

 of maple are stages in the life-history of the same species, etc. In 

 Maine, Eriosoma (S.) lanigerum, the woolly aphis of apple, has an 

 overwintering form on the elm, but in Europe no such record has been 

 made. The host which serves for the deposition of the over-wintering 

 egg and for the development of the stem-mother and her progeny is 

 termed the primary host, while that to which the spring migrants fly- 

 is the secondary host. Many migratory species alternate between 

 (C259) C 



