188 



the number of young then produced is small. A similar reduction 

 in the number of young and a lengthening of the developmental stages 

 occurs in hot, dry weather. In 1914, 20 generations occurred between 

 18th January and 6th August, while in a year dating from 14th 

 September 1914, 35 generations were produced. The average number 

 of young arising in the generations of the two series was 80 and 93 

 respectively. Aphis brassicae (cabbage louse) and Myzus fersicae, 

 Sulz. (green peach aphis) were often found on the same hosts as 

 A. pseudobrassicae. The first two species were more resistant to 

 climatic changes, and to insect and fungus attacks, than the turnip 

 aphis. The most widely distributed parasite of the latter was 

 Lysiphlebus testaceipes, Cress. Another Braconid, Diaeretus rapae, 

 Curt., was abundant at College Station, but less common in the southern 

 parts of the State. This species was able to survive a temperature of 

 17° F. to which the host insects were exposed. Between September 

 1914 and May 1915, predaceous enemies were of more importance than 

 the above parasites in controlling A. pseudobrassicae. The Coccinellids, 

 Hippodamia convergens, Guer., Megilla maciilata, de G., and Coccinella 

 munda, Say, were present wherever the Aphids occurred. H. convergens 

 was active and abundant in autumn and spring, and M. macidata 

 during the winter. The Syrphid flies, Syrphus aniericanus, Wied., 

 and Allograpta obliqua, Say, were numerous, the latter species occurring 

 in the more southern portions of the State, Chrysopa sp. was generally 

 distributed. A fungus, probably Empusa aphidius, caused heavy 

 mortality in the latter part of 1913 and the early part of 1914. 



Experiments on the artificial control of this Aphid showed that 

 spraying with soap solutions gave satisfactory results. 



GossAED (H. A.). The Clover Leaf-Tyer {Ancylis angidifasciana,. 

 Zeller). — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, ix, no, 1, February 1916, 

 pp. 80-82. 



Ancylis angulifasciana, is always present in clover fields in 

 Ohio, causing more or less serious damage. The known food-plants 

 are the common red, alsike and white clovers ; lucerne is rarely 

 attacked. The leaflets on one or more petioles are tied together with 

 silk, and within the cell so formed, the larva feeds and undergoes 

 pupation. There are three broods annually. The first adults appear 

 in late April and early May ; eggs are laid on the leaflets and hatch 

 out in two or three weeks. Larvae are found from about 1st June to 

 20th June. The pupal period lasts from 7 to 14 days, and the second 

 brood of moths is present from about 1st July to 20th July. The 

 second generation of larvae occurs between 20th July and 15th August, 

 and pupae between the latter date and 20th September. The third 

 brood of larvae feeds from the middle of September until November, 

 when they spin cocoons in which the winter is passed and in which 

 some feeding may take place. Normal feeding is resumed in April 

 and pupation occurs in the middle of that month. 



Many of the larvae and pupae of the first brood are destroyed at 

 the first clover harvest, while the second cutting kills many of the second 

 brood. The third brood may be destroyed by autumn pasturage. 



