195 



personal experience of farmers in this connection, by the organisation 

 of meetings and the publication of the reports of these, and by the 

 activity of the State Entomologist, the County Agent and their 

 assistants. A breeding cage was established and an egg-laying record 

 kept at the Experimental Farm. Sowing was carried out between 

 1st and 20th October, when conditions in the breeding cages showed 

 that the period of maximum egg production was over. The presence 

 of numerous puparia, developed in self-sown wheat in clover fields, 

 will prevent the crop from being entirely free from fly. Similarly, 

 cooperative sowing in Ohio can only be partly successful in dry 

 years, because of the flies issuing at irregular intervals from the stubble 

 fields which have been sown with clover and cannot be ploughed under. 



McCoNNELL (W. R.). Summary of Facts about the Introduction of 



Pleurotwpis epigonus, Walk. — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, ix, 

 no. 1, February 1916, pp. 145-147. 



The Chalcid, Pleurotropis epigonus, Walk., a parasite of the Hessian 

 fly [Mayetiola destructor] was introduced into America from England 

 in 1891. Unsuccessful attempts to breed and liberate the insect were 

 made until 1895, after which date no further records appear to have 

 been made. Breeding experiments were resumed in 1915 at Hagers- 

 town under the direction of the author, nineteen specimens being reared. 

 Adults emerged in cages from April to June and from September to 

 December ; oviposition was not observed. In England this species 

 may become abundant during an outbreak of the host and seems able 

 to maintain itself during the intervening periods. 



Chapman (J. W.) & Glaser (R. W.). Further Studies on Wilt of 

 Gipsy Moth Caterpillars. — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, ix, no. 1, 

 February 1916, pp. 149-169, 19 tables. 



The investigations described in this paper form a continuation of 

 those carried out during 1913 and 1914 [see this Review, Ser. A, iii, 

 p. 356]. The chance method of obtaining healthy experimental 

 material is entirely useless ; a stock of caterpillars can be produced 

 by selection in which spontaneous wilt mortality is reduced to a 

 minimum. Wilt is shown to be a true infectious disease. The period 

 between inoculation by feeding and death varied from 13 to 29 days. 

 Wilt seems to be transmitted from one generation to the next through 

 the egg. Certain individuals among the larvae seem to be immune. 

 A new disease appeared in the late stages of larvae reared from 

 foreign eggs, differing clinically and microscopically from wilt. A 

 saccharomycete and a micrococcus were isolated from cases of this 

 disease. The sacbrood disease of bees is not identical with wait, since 

 polyhedral bodies have never been found in infected insects, 



Wellhouse (W.). Results of Experiments on the Use of Cyanide of 

 Potassium as an Insectlcide.^ — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, ix, no. 1, 

 February 1916, pp. 169-171, 1 plate. 



Experiments to determine the effect of potassium cyanide on plant 

 tissues and scale-insects were carried out in Kansas in 1915. Green- 

 house plants infested with mealy bugs were treated with the compound, 



