196 



from 0*5 to 3 milligrams being placed in an incision made in the stem 

 and the aperture closed with paraffin. The tissues around the 

 hole began to turn brown in two or three hours, and two days later 

 the stem was shrunken and bent at this point. No injurious effects 

 on the mealy bugs could be noted. Various trees infested with boring 

 insects were then treated. From 1 to 10 grams of potassium cyanide 

 were placed in holes about f or | inch in depth, and the apertures closed. 

 Examination at different dates showed the wood to be blackened above 

 and below the point of treatment, while a number of living borers were 

 found in elm and plum within a few inches of the place of insertion of 

 the cyanide. The foliage became a darker green after treatment. 



HowAED (L. 0.). On the Hawaiian Work in introducing beneficial 

 Insects. — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, ix, no. 1, February 1916, 

 pp. ] 72-179. 



This paper reviews the work which has been done in Hawaii, with 

 regard to the introduction into that country of beneficial parasites 

 especially those of Perkinsiella saccharicida, Kirkaldy (sugar-cane 

 leaf-hopper), Rhabdocnemis obscurus (sugar-cane borer), and Ceratitis 

 capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly). 



Howard (L. 0.). Further Notes on Prospaltella berlesei, How. — 

 Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, ix, no. 1, February 1916, pp. 179-181. 



Prospaltella berlesei, How., a parasite of Aulacaspis pentagona, has 

 been introduced from Italy and the United States into Uruguay and 

 Argentina, and from the tJnited States into Peru and Chile. Unlike 

 its allies, this parasite seems to be specifically connected with 

 A. pentagona, and the opinion is expressed that it is probably of oriental 

 origin, though first discovered in Italy. 



Parker (J. R.). The Western Wheat Aphis {Brachycolus tritici, Gill.). 

 — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, ix, no. 1, February 1916, 

 pp. 182-187, 1 plate. 



Brachycolus tritici has rapidly increased in numbers in some districts 

 of Montana during the past few years and has become one of the most 

 important pests of winter wheat. Leaves of infested plants appear 

 white and fleshy in late autumn and early spring. Heavily infested 

 plants usually die before the following summer, while those less 

 seriously attacked produce a twisted, central stem, bearing curled 

 leaves and a deformed head which usually does not produce seed. 

 Agropyron occidentale, Scribn. (blue joint grass) growing near 

 infested wheat fields is usually severely injured. This grass may be 

 the native host plant, but the Aphid has not been found upon it when 

 growing at some distance from infested grain. Barley may also be 

 attacked, as well as Bromus secalinus, L., Stipa comata, F. and R., and 

 Phleum pratense, L,, when growing near wheat. 



The winter is passed in the egg-stage upon autumn-sown wheat, 

 self-sown wheat, and grasses. The stem-mothers, hatching early in 



