/J^onian ..sf/>^ 



201 



BoNDAR (CJ.). Inseetos damninhos a agricultura. Fasciculo iii- 



Pragas das Laranjeiras e outras Auranciaceas. [Insscts injurioujs ,^\^^ 

 to agriculture. Part iii — Pests of orange trees and other .Attf an':^ 

 tiaceae.]— *5. Pffulo [Brazil), 1915, 47 pp., 27 figs. [Received 

 27th March 1916.] 



The information here given regarding the citrus borers, the 

 Longicorns, Acrocirius accentifer, 01., and Diploschema rotundicolle, 

 Serv., and the weevil, Cmtosomus reidi, Kirby, is practically the same 

 as that in a previous paper [see this Review, Ser. A, ii, p. 173], Besides 

 beetle-borers, the caterpillar of an undetermined butterfly was, on 

 one occasion, observed mining the branch of a young orange tree, in 

 which it made a somewhat spiral gallery. In March and April 

 apparently ripe oranges were found on the ground, infested by the 

 caterpillar of Tortrix citrana, Fern, (orange tortrix), here observed 

 for the first time, though it is well-known in Cahfornia. A minute hole 

 i s made in the fruit, usually in the lower portion, and the insect enters, 

 its presence being revealed by the expelled excreta which cover the 

 orifice. The caterpillar grows and bores into the orange, which ripens 

 and falls. In most cases the caterpillar carries the spores of the fungus, 

 Aspergillus penicillium, with which it infects the fruit. When full- 

 grown, the caterpillars pupate among dried leaves in cavities of the 

 trunk ; the moth emerges in three weeks. The collection and des- 

 truction by bur-fing of all infested fruit, whether lying on the ground or 

 on the tree, is the best method of control. The caterpillar of Papilio 

 idaeus, F., also feeds on the leaves of citrus plants. When the cater- 

 pillars are young, kerosene-soap emulsion gives good results ; when they 

 are larger, they may easily be collected by hand. Some Limacodids 

 which injure citrus trees are abundant in orchards. One species of 

 the genus Eurida is recorded as attacking oranges. 



Of the 169 species of Coccids recorded in Brazil, 22 were observed 

 on Aurantiaceae. Those most frequently noticed were : — Henii- 

 chionaspis aspidistrae, Sign., Chrysompihalus (Aspidiotus) aonidum, 

 L., and Lepidosaphes beckii, Newm. {Mylilaspis cilricola, Pack.). 

 Less common species were :■ — Hoicardia biclavis, Comst., Chionaspis 

 citri, Comst., Hemickionaspis minor, Mask., Aspidiotus cydoniae, Comst., 

 A. rapax, Comst., Pseudcionidia trilobitiformis. Green, Selenaspidus 

 articulatus, Morg., Chrysomphalus personatus, Comst., C. scutiformis, 

 Comst., C. aurantii, Mask., Parhtoria profeus, Curtis, Ceroplasles 

 floridensis, Comst., Coccus hesperidum, L., C. viridis, Green, Saissetia 

 hemisphaerica, Targ., *S. oleae, Bern., Pseudococcus citri, Risso, Orthezia 

 insignis, Dougl., and 0. praelonga, Dougl. The usual measures against 

 Coccids are advised. A bibliography of ten works closes this paper. 



Osservatorio Antonomo di Fitopatohgia, Turin, Mthly. Leaflets, 

 nos. 1-12, January 1915, 48 pp. [Received 30th March 1916.] 



These leaflets for 1915 are on the same lines as those for the preceding 

 year [see this Review, Ser. A, iii, p. 123]. The following is a brief 

 record of the injurious insects : — Hylesinus fraxini, on cherry ; 

 Aulacaspis pentagona on Euonymus, cherry, mulberry, poplar and 

 walnut ; Eulecanium {Lecanvum) persicae and Aspidiotus nerii, on 

 oleander ; Eriosoma (Schizoneura) lanigerum, Magdalis ruficornis, 



(C268) Wt. Pl/106. 1,500. 6.16. B.& F.Ltd. Gp.11/3. A 



