208 



Martelli (G.). Intorno a due specie di Lepidotteri dei generi Zclleria 

 e Glyphodes viventi suH' olivo. [Coiiccining Iavo species of Lcpi- 

 doptera of tlie genera. ZcHeria and Gli/phodcs living on tlie olive.] 

 —Separate, dated 2nd Marcli 191G, from Boll. 1Mb. Zaol. Gen. 

 Agrar. R. Sciiola Sup. Agric, PoHui, x, jip. 89-102. 



Both ZeUeria olcastrella, Mill., and GJj/phodes unionaUs, lib., are 

 found on the olive in south Italy ; Z. oleastrclla has at least five 

 generations from April to December, the complete life-cycle requiring 

 from four to six weeks in favourable seasons. The adult a})pears in 

 March-April, is crepuscular in habit and feeds on sugary substances 

 in the flowers of the olive and on the leaves, where they are mixed with 

 the sweetish excrement of Saissetia olcae, Bern., and Filijrpia oleae, 

 Costa. The larva attacks the tender leaves of the buds and either 

 penetrates into tlie growing tip and devours it internally or remains 

 on the upper surface of a leaf, weaving a. few threads around it. It 

 is capable of rapid movement, in which it resembles Cli/sia 

 amhifjueUa. The larva is injurious in the case of young plants not 

 only on account of damage to the foliage, hwt because an attack on the 

 bud-tip of the leading shoot causes the plant to develop in an abnormal 

 shape. A 1 per cent, solution of arsenate of lead paste sprayed 

 twice, at a 10-day inteiTal, is an elKcient remedy. Among the 

 Dipterous parasites of this pest are the Tachinid, Phyloniyptera 

 nitidiveniris unicolor, Rond. ; it is also attacked by vaiious parasitic 

 Hymenoptera, including Apanteles sp., Angitia sp. and Agcniaspis 

 fumcollis. 



Glypliodcs unionalis, Hb., appears in the adult stage in March and 

 April and is seen flying round olive branches with new growth. It 

 feeds on sugary substances, sweet excreta of Coccids and nectar. 

 Its eggs are deposited on either surface of the olive leaf or on the green 

 twigs. The larva hatches in from three to twenty-five days, according 

 to the season in south Italy. It attacks the tender leaves at the tip 

 of the twig after first weaving a few threads round the leaf so as to cause 

 it to assume a tubular form and remains in this tube until the first 

 moult is completed. This moth appears to have at least five genera- 

 tions a year, the life-cycle varying from 3G to 82 days. It usually 

 attacks the leaves of the suckers and is beneficial in this case, but when 

 young plants and new buds are attacked it is injurious in the same way 

 as the preceding species, and the same spray shoukl be used as a control. 

 The Tachinid, NenioriUa notabilis, Meig., and a Braconid, Apanteles sp., 

 are parasites of it. 



BawHtMiuifl cenbCKO-xosHMCTBeHHbifl MtponpinTifl sa 1914 roAi*. 



[The chief agricultural measures in li»14.j — « M3B"bCTifl Mmhm- 

 CiepCTBa 3eMnefl"fejlifl.» [Bulk tins of the Ministrg of Agriculture], 

 Pctrograd, nos. 51 & 52, 2nd & ir)th Januarv 1910, pp. 1253- 

 1257 & 1209-1273. [Received Gth April 1916.] 



This is a short summary of the last yearly ivport of the Ministry of 

 Agriculture. Notwithstanding the war, all the scientiiic research 

 work as to the control of insect pests in various parts of the country 

 was successfully carried out. The Department of Agriculture came, 

 as in previous years, to the assistance of the local organizations in 

 importing various insecticides duty-free from abroad and there were 



