210 



and cotton ; Eubolia arenacearia, Hb., on lucerne ; Pieris brassicac^ 

 L. ; Plutella fnaculipennis, Curt, {cruciferarum, Zell.) ; Hypera 

 {PJiytonomus) variabilis, Hbst. ; Sitones longulus, Boh., in roots of 

 lucerne ; Lema melanopns, L., on wheat and oats ; Chaetocnema 

 breviuscula, Fald., on beet ; Epicauta lateUneolata, Muls., on potatoes, 

 but also observed amongst crops infested with locusts ; Oscinis 

 pusilla, Mg., on wheat; Aphis brassicae, L. ; Aphis gossi/pii, Glov., 

 and Thrips flavus, Schr., on young cotton plants. 



The following species of locusts are mentioned : Dociostaurus 

 (Stauronotus) maroccannus was present in varying numbers ; large 

 outbreaks were reported in the mountains of Kopet-Dagh, on the 

 Persian frontier, and it is probable that these mountainous districts 

 serve as breeding places, notAvithstanding their severe climate ; in 

 South Bokhara the insects hatched out over an area of 108,000 acres. 

 In company with this species there were also frequently found : 

 Dociostaurus {Stauronotus) Jcraussi, Ing. ; Oedahus nigrofasciatns, 

 De G. ; D. (S.) albicornis, Ev. ; D. (S.) hauensteini, Bol. ; Steno- 

 bothrus sp. ; D. {S.) anatolicus, Kr., and Calliptaimis {Calopteiius) 

 ilalicus. Except for D. maroccanus and to a slight degree D. hraussi, 

 the other species of this genus are comparatively harmless, as they 

 do not collect in swarms and do not migrate. Locusta {Pachytylus} 

 migratoria, L., occurred in many parts of the country in large numbers, 

 their breeding places being situated in the lake district formed by 

 the flooded river-beds of Syr Daria which are covered with reeds and 

 bushes. Some of the swarms extended over 13 )niles and destroyed 

 Avheat and barley ; in some places, near cotton plantations, the}' w^ere 

 effectively checked by spraying w'ith Paris green and lime. 



Two pests of stores are also mentioned, viz : — Hypsopygia costalis, F.. 

 on clover-hay, and Plodia inter puncteUa, Hb., in dried peaches. 



The report for 1913 mentions the following additional pests : — 

 Tetranychus telarius and wire-worms on cotton ; Sitones cylindricollis, 

 F., on lucerne ; Eurydema maracandicum, Osh., seriously damaging 

 cabbage ; H op] oca m pa fuhicornis, Klug, on plum trees ; Cosmia 

 subtilis, Stgr., on apricots ; Euproctis (Porlhesia) kargaUka, Moore, 

 which replaces locally the European E. chrysorrhoea, L. ; Bhynchitcs 

 auratus. Scop. ; Apterona crenulella, Brd. {Psyche helix, Claus.) on 

 apples; Aphis pomi, de Geer ; A. pyri, Koch, and Hyalopterus 

 pruni, F. The usual species of locusts w^ere again present in varying 

 numbers. 



The insects dealt with in the report for 1914 include the Psychid 

 moth, Amicta armena, Heyl., which appeared in the Starvation Desert 

 in great numbers and invaded cotton and lucerne fields ; Lampidcs 

 (Lycaena) baetica, L., the caterpillars of which injured beans, etc. ; 

 Orgyia prisca, Stgr. . eggs of which were found on apple trees ; Anti^pila 

 rivillei, Stn. ; LithocoUetis populifoliella, Tr., which chiefly injured 

 white poplars, being only found in small numbers on black poplars ; 

 Cydia pomonella, C. funebrana and Lachnv.s viniinalis, Boyer. 

 Locusts were, on the whole, not numerous. 



The author also gives some additional information with regard to 

 several insects previously recorded by him. Pterotocera declinata, 

 Stgr., hatches, not in spring, but in late autumn and winter. Poly- 

 drosus dohrni, Faust, oviposits in heaps inside the calices of apples. 

 Ants which do not attack living individuals of Lachnus persicae were 



