w 213 



injured b}' GryUolalpa sp., and lucerne by Hypera {Phytonomus) 

 variabilis. Among orchard pests, Biston cinerarias and Cosmia 

 subtilis were observed, but no serious damage was done by them. 



Sevastianov (I.). 6opb6t ci* ynnTKOBOM immtobkom. [On the 

 control of Lepidosaphes ulmi, L.] — « TypKeciaHCKOe CenbCKOe 



X03flMCTB0.» [Agriculture of Turkeslan], Tashkent, no. 7, July, 

 1915, pp. 719-721. [Received 10th April 1916.] 



In reply to a subscriber, the author gives a list of the commoner 

 CocciDAE in Turkestan, including Lepidosaphes idmi, L., attacking 

 apple and pear ; Physokermss coryli, L., attacking all kinds of fniits ; 

 Eulecanium {Lecanium) bituberculatum, Targ., mostly attacking apples ;. 

 and Epidiaspis piricola, Del Guerc, attacking stone fruits. The usual 

 remedy applied in Turkestan consists in smearing the trees with milk 

 of lime, as an improvement on which the author recommends removing 

 the old bark and spraying or smearing with California mixture, by 

 which means many other insects will also be destroyed. 



KoROLKov (D. M.). McnbiTahie Mtp"b 6opb6bi c-b ivieflflHimeio. [The 

 testing of methods of control of Psylla mali.] — « MaTepia/lbl FlO 

 MsyMeHim BpeAHbixi* HactKOKibixi* Mockobckom ry6epH'm.» 



[Materials for the study of insect pests of the govt, of 31oscow}r 

 Moscow, vi, 1915, pp. 44-54. [Received 10th April 1916.] 



Comparison between various orchards as to the degree of infestation* 

 with Psylla showed that young orchards, as well as small, isolated ones, 

 are less infested than old orchards or those occurring close together 

 over large areas ; this may be due to the better circulation of air 

 round the trees in isolated orchards. A frost that occurred in the 

 night of the 30tli May did not affect the insects, as the larvae were 

 inside the buds and between the buds and the petioles of the leaves 

 and were already in an advanced stage of development. The unfolding 

 of the buds in 1914 occurred before the lai'\^ae hatched, which allowed 

 the insects to penetrate immediately into the buds and made their 

 control by spraying more difficult. This fact is of great importance 

 in deciding upon the method of control to be applied, i.e., whether to^ 

 direct the campaign against the eggs or the larvae. A number of 

 tables are given showing the results of various sprayings, carried out 

 on a large scale. It appears that a single spring spraying with copper 

 sulphate (2 lb. in about 3 gallons of water) does not affect the eggs ; 

 this is also the case with a double spraying in autumn, though this 

 strength had no bad effect on the buds. Better results are obtained 

 when the spring spraying was repeated after two or three days. Spray- 

 ing with milk of lime directed against Anth&nomus pomormn had an 

 indirect effect on Psylla, in that a thick coat of the lime delayed the 

 development of the buds and the early larv^ae of Psylla perished, not 

 being able to find food. Spraying with a weak solution of tobacco 

 extract against the larvae which have just penetrated into the buds, 

 is not regarded as entirely useless, and it is also useful to apply this 

 spi'ay at the time when the lai-vae and nymphs are present at the end 

 of the petioles of fully unfolded leaves. As a summary of all the 



