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The following are borers of Leguminosae : — Metopocoilus quadri- 

 spinosus, Buq., which is somewhat rare in entomological collections, 

 though very common in Brazilian forests. The eggs are laid on the 

 branches of Leguminosae and the larvae mine downw^ards in the stem. 

 The life-cycle of M. quadrispinosus lasts two years, the adults appearing 

 in October and November. No practical method of control exists, 

 but the multiplication of the host-trees should be checked. The 

 larva of Ccccoderus novempunctus, Germ., causes the same injury to 

 Leguminosae as Diploschema rotundicolle does to the orange. Infested 

 branches should be collected and split in order to kill the larva ; if 

 very numerous they may be burnt. The adult appears in summer. 

 This is also the case with the adult of Criodion fulvopilosum, Gahan, 

 which has similar habits. A tree which has been much used for 

 ornamental purposes, Jacaranda mimosifolia, has suffered very 

 severely from the attacks of an apparently undescribed Cerambycid. 

 The larvae of this beetle attack trees in vigorous growth, boring 

 internal mines with lateral orifices. The life-cycle lasts two years. 

 The adult appears in October-November. 



The following Curculionidae are among those of economie 

 importance : — Heilipus catagraphus, Germ., is very injurious to 

 Anona reticulata (netted custard apple), rendering its cultivation, 

 impossible in some localities ; other fruit trees are also attacked. 

 The larvae develop beneath the bark, and the best preventive control 

 consists in lime-washing the trunks. As a shade-tree, Nectandra 

 venulosa (" canellinha ") has been largely planted, but when present in 

 numbers, it is now being totally destroyed by Cratosomus bos, Gyl. From 

 October to December C. bos oviposits on the branches or trunk ; the 

 larvae develop in the wood, the mines sometimes attaining a length of 

 from 10 to 13 feet. If the tree is not of sufficient height, the larva 

 enters the roots or turns at the top and bores downwards parallel to 

 the old gallery. In one case a tree of 6 inches diameter contained 

 52 mines running side by side. The life-cycle of C. bos lasts two years. 

 No curative treatment is of the slightest use and N. venulosa should 

 not be planted in future. This pest is also very common on Lauraceae 

 in the forests. The larva has a large chitinous plate on the pronotum 

 and another on the anal area. The mines being open at each end, 

 ants easily enter, and the plates protect the larva against these 

 enemies. It is noted that Cratosomus reidi, which always closes its 

 bore behind it, does not possess the posterior plate. The adults of 

 C. bos feed on the subcortical layer and remove the outer one for 

 this purpose ; this injury looks as if it were due to scratches with 

 claws. Cratosomus pterygomalis has the same habits as the foregoing 

 insect ; it also attacks the kitchen laurel {Laurus nobilis) and the 

 camphor tree. The best method of control is collection of the adults 

 in January and February. Another weevil, Amerrhinus pantherinus, 

 Oliv., is a pest of Cocos nucifera (coconut), which is being extensively 

 planted in the northern states of Brazil. It deposits its eggs in 

 the petiole, usually in batches of three or four. The larvae feed in 

 the petiole, boring longitudinal mines 6 to 8 millimetres wide and 

 30-40 millimetres long ; occasionally the mines go down into the 

 trunk. On attaining full growth the larva makes a cocoon near the 

 bark and enters the nymphal stage, which lasts about twenty days. 

 The adult pierces the bark and emerges, usually in summer. This 



