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found in studying some common insects, such as Laspeyresia, Chilo, 

 Chloridea, etc., reared for observation of exact cycles of their life- 

 history, that out of a batch of larvae, feeding and commencing to 

 hibernate at the same time, some individuals hibernate and emerge as 

 adults, whilst others hibernate during the cold weather, then aestivate 

 during the hot-dry season and emerge at irregular intervals thereafter 

 as late as July and August. From the point of view of control this is 

 of some importance, as measures taken on the first appearance of the 

 insects after hibernation may be rendered abortive, or will at least 

 require to be supplemented, in view of these later emergences. This 

 emphasises the fact that an intimate knowledge of the habits of insects 

 concerned must be the first step towards their control. 



Crocidolomia binotalis is a cold weather pest of Cruciferae. 

 Unsuccessful attempts were made to find out how it passes through 

 the rest of the year. Mylabris {Zonahris) pustidata is an extremely 

 common black and red blister beetle whose life-history is yet unknown. 

 Dr. Roepke, of the Experimental Station at Salatiga in Java, informed 

 the author that he had found larvae of this species feeding on egg- 

 masses of CyTtacanthacris, and it is probable that this beetle has a 

 similar habit in India. The Bruchid beetle, Bruchits affinis, was 

 observed to lay eggs extensively on pea-pods at Pusa in January and 

 February, so that the peas may be infected in the field before being 

 stored. The life of the adult of Odoiporus longicollis, a weevil which 

 bores in plantain stems, has been found to extend to a period of up to 

 two years. With reference to the campaign against Agnotis ypsilon 

 at Mokameh [see this Review, Ser. A, iv, p. 95] it was not known how 

 this insect passes through the hot weather and rainy season in the 

 plains of India. Under Insectary conditions continuous broods have 

 been obtained, which suggests that it may breed somewhere in the 

 vicinity of the areas attacked from September to December. 



Experiments have shown that the adult of Tenebroides mauritanicus, 

 as well as the larva, eats wheat and rice grains, preferring wheat to rice. 

 The adult however preys upon the adult rice weevil, Calandra oryzae, 

 so that in grain affected by C. oryzae, the presence of T. mauritanicus 

 is beneficial, as, when present in sufficiently large numbers, they will 

 ultimately rid the grain of the weevils, while the loss through their 

 own attacks will be less than if the weevils occurred unchecked. 

 Batocera rubus, a Longicorn beetle commonly boring in fig, mango, etc., 

 has been reared from the egg and the complete life-cycle observed to 

 occupy a year. Balaninus c-album has been traced throughout the 

 year ; its life-cycle occupies twelve months. Complete life-cycles 

 have been observed of the Lepidoptera, Selepa {Ploiheia) celtis,. 

 Euproctis (Porthesia) xanthorrhoea, Perigea capensis, Spodoptera 

 mauritia, Terias hecabe, Hypolimnas bolina, Euploea core, Precis 

 {Junonia) orithyia, Huphina nerissa, Papilio polytes and Deilephila 

 nerii. Some work was done on a Braconid parasite of Diacrisia obUqua 

 and an Ichneumonid parasite of Spodoptera mauritia. 



Fruit-flies have been reared in large numbers in order to procure 

 parasites and to ascertain the proportion parasitised. In the case of 

 Dacus (Bactrocera) cucurbitae, the parasites were very few. Only in 

 one lot of fruits of Motnordica charantia were the maggots found to be 

 attacked by a Braconid parasite to the extent of about 16 per cent., 

 and even this parasite was not present throughout the year. Dacus 



