237 



unfolded leaves, which are often completely killed by them ; iafested 

 leaves should be burnt. Aspidiotus destructor, Sign., does much the 

 same damage, but is not yet so great a pest in the Dutch East Indies 

 as in the Caroline Islands. 



Lepidopterous pests include Amathusia phidippus, L., the Hesperid, 

 Hidari irava, Moore, and the Zygaenid, Brachartona catoxantha, Hmps., 

 which is the worst pest of the coconut in the Dutch East Indies ; the 

 caterpillars eat long furrows in the upper surface of the leaves, causing 

 them to bend and curl and often killing them outright. Simplicia 

 marginata, Moore, is best handled by insecticides, but if the attack be 

 serious the leaves should be cut and burned ; the caterpillars may 

 also be shaken down and collected on the ground. Melissoblaptes 

 rufivenalis, Snell., is found all over Java and causes a great diminution 

 of the crop ; the attacked nuts should be cut out ; they are easily 

 recognised, as they are never of normal length. 



Among Lucanid beetles, Eurytrachelus bucephalus, Perty, E. gypactus, 

 Cast., and Odontolahis belUcosus, Cast., are the most common and do 

 damage by gnawing the lateral branches of the flowering twigs ; 

 Metopodontus occipitalis, Hope, and Prospocoelus zebra, 01., are less 

 common ; the beetles can be caught in situ in the daytime ; all 

 rotten wood should be removed from the plantations as the larvae Uve 

 in it. As to Oryctes rhinoceros, L., and Xylotrupes gideon, L., traps 

 of rotting vegetable matter are useful against the former and the 

 removal of all rubbish is useful against both. The leaves are eaten 

 by the Chrysomelid, Botryonopa sanguinea, Guer., but this is not yet a 

 serious pest. The larvae of an undetermined Hispid eat the still 

 unfolded young leaves and can only be dealt with by cutting these out 

 and destroying them. The Curcuhonid, Rhyncophorus ferruginetis 

 {signaticollis), is said to prefer the foot of the palm for attack, but also 

 makes use of the burrows of Oryctes. The large ant, Oecophylla 

 smaragdina, is troublesome in two ways, as its bites cause the coolies 

 much discomfort and it also protects scale-insects. 



Goodwin (W. H.). Carbon Bisulphide and its Use for Grain Fumiga- 

 tion. — Mthly. Bull. Ohio Agric. Expt. Sta., Wooster, i, no. 3, 

 March 1916, pp. 86-90, 3 figs. 



In treating stored grain with carbon bisulphide to destroy weevils, 

 from 5 to 8 lb. should be allowed to every 1,000 cubic feet, if the bin 

 is air-tight. The temperature should be kept between 70° F. and 

 75° F. Fumigation of grain that is to be used for seed should not 

 be continued for more than 40 hours. The carbon bisulphide may be 

 introduced on cotton waste or be sprayed directly on to the grain. 



Ball (E. D.). Some New Species of Aihysanus and related Genera 

 (Homoptera).— ^n<om. News, Philadelphia, xxvii, no. 4, April 

 1916, pp. 173-176. 



The following new species of leaf-hoppers are described : — Athysanus 

 calvalus and A. escalantus, from Utah, and A. shastus, A. lassus, and 

 Platymetopius compactus, from California. 



