240 



in the egg-stage within the old female bag, and for this reason 

 hand-picking in winter time is an efl&cacious remedy. In the late 

 spring the young hatch from the eggs, crawl out upon the twigs, make 

 their way to the nearest leaf and immediately begin to feed and to 

 construct cases or bags for themselves. The construction of the case 

 is described. Towards the end of August, near Washington, the larva 

 completes its growth, attaches its bag firmly to a twig and pupates, 

 the pupal period lasting about three weeks. There is only one 

 generation annually. The bagworm is somewhat extensively para- 

 sitised by the Ichneumons, Pimpla (Itoplectis) inquisitor, Say, P. {I.) 

 conquisitor. Say, Hemiteles (Allocota) thyridopterigis, Riley, and by the 

 Chalcids, Spilochalcis mariae, Riley, Chalcis ovata, Scop. Dibrachys 

 boucheanus, Ratz., and Habrocytus thyridopterigis, Ashm. Most of 

 these parasites also attack similar tree-feeding caterpillars. Some of 

 the Chalcids are undoubtedly hyperparasites. 



Hand-picking the bags in winter will control the pest where it occurs 

 on deciduous trees, but this method cannot well be used with ever- 

 greens, unless they happen to be badly defoliated, and spraying becomes 

 necessary. When many trees are iniested, it is advisable to keep the 

 hand-picked bags for a considerable time in receptacles, such as 

 barrels covered with netting, so that the numerous beneficial parasites 

 will be able to emerge in the spring. On large trees injury has been 

 absolutely stopped by spraying with Paris green at the rate of 1 lb. to 

 150 U.S. gals, of water, the trees being completely rid of the larvae. 

 Arsenate of lead will be found even more effective, being more adhesive 

 than Paris green and therefore less likely to be washed off by the 

 rains ; 1 lb. of the prepared paste in from 25 to 50 U.S. gals, 

 of water is the strength recommended. The addition of about 

 the same quantity by weight of resin-fish-oil soap as of the arsenical 

 used will enhance the adhesiveness of lead-arsenate. Hand pumps 

 and sprayers are unsatisfactory and one of the best types of orchard 

 power sprayer is preferable, while in the case of tall shade trees such 

 as spruce, cypress, hemlock, etc., high-power sprayers should be used. 

 In the treatment of many trees a greater strength, such as 2 or 3 lb. of 

 lead arsenate to 50 U.S. gals, of water or Bordeaux mixture, is desirable. 

 Strengths of 10 lb. to 50 U.S. gals, of water have been used, but this is 

 unnecessary and may be injurious to the foliage. The best time for 

 spraying is about the time when the eggs hatch or a day or two 

 afterwards. 



Tucker (E. S.). Protecting Cabbage and Cauliflower from Attacks by 

 Worms. — Louisiana State Univ. Agric. Expt. Sta., Baton Rouge, 

 Bull. no. 154, June 1915, 16 pp., 2 figs. [Received 18th April 

 1916.] 



This bulletin is published in view of the increasing importance of 

 cabbage and cauliflower as truck crops in Louisiana. It deals with 

 Pieris (Pontia) rapae, L. (imported cabbage worm), P. protodice, Boisd. 

 (southern cabbage worm), P. monuste, L. (large cabbage butterfly), 

 Phytometra {Autographa) brassicae, Riley (cabbage looper), Euergestis 

 rimosalis, Guen. (cross-striped cabbage worm) and cutworms. The 

 usual remedies are mentioned, with directions for their application. 



