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Brittox (W. E.) & LovvRY (Q. S.). Insects attacking cabbage and 

 allied crops in Connecticut.-— Conn. Agric. Erpt. Sta., New Haven, 

 Bull. no. 190, January 1916, 23 pp., 17 figs. [Received 2jth April 

 1916.] 



This paper embodies the observations of many years on cabbage pests 

 and on the control of Chortophila {Phorbia) bmssicae, Bch. (cabbage 

 root maggot). Tarred paper disks are recommended as the best 

 control for this pest and figures are given of a tool and a device for 

 cutting these disks. Perhaps the second most effective control method 

 is to pour into a surface depression round the stem of each plant about 

 three fluid ounces of crude carbolic acid emulsion made according to 

 the following formula : Hard soap, 1 lb., or soft soap, 1 U.S. qt., 

 boiling water, 1 U.S. gal. ; crude carbolic acid, 1 U.S. pt. The other 

 pests dealt with are Pieris rapae, L., (imported cabbage worm), 

 P. fuipi, L. (potherb butterfly), P. protodice, Boisd. (southern or 

 checkered cabbage butterfly), Phytometm {Autograplia) brassicae, Riley 

 (cabbage looper), Aphis brassicae, L. (cabbage aphis), Plutella inaculi- 

 pennis, Curt., Ceramica {Mamestra) picta, Harr. (zebra caterpillar), 

 Murgantia hisfrionica, Hahn. (harlequin cabbage bug), cut-worms and 

 wire-worms. Crop rotation is an essential control measure, care being 

 taken to avoid closely related crops in carrying this out. Cabbage 

 stumps, leaves, etc., should not be allowed to remain in the rows, as 

 they provide hibernating places. Late autumn ploughing destroys a 

 great many hibernating insects ; for cut-worms, early spring ploughing 

 and harrowing is advised. A bibliography is given of twenty of the 

 more important publications dealing with insects injurious to cabbages. 



GoDAED (A.). Les oisoaux peuvent-ils sauver la vigne ? [Can birds 

 save the vine?] — Rev. Viticulture, Paris, xliv, no. 1137, 13th April 

 1916, pp. 278-280. 



Cases are instanced where the presence of birds resulted in a notable 

 diminution of loss from the insect enemies of the vine. The presence 

 of Clysia ambiguella and Polychrosis botrana, as well as of other pests, 

 is said to be exclusively due to the disappearance of insectivorous 

 birds. Many species of birds only attack plants when insect food is 

 lacking and in any case the partial loss due to birds is preferable to the 

 considerable one due to insect injury. Buffon is quoted as saying : 

 " The ortolan does not touch grapes, but feeds on the insects which 

 creep on the stocks and leaves of the vine." It must however be borne 

 in mind that all species of birds are not equally useful in the vineyard. 



R ABATE (E.). Preparation des bouillies cupriques. [The preparation 

 of cupric sprays.] — La Vie Agric. et Rur., Paris, vi, no. 16, 

 loth April 1916, pp. 284-287, 1 fig. 



This paper briefly reviews the various cupric sprays used by vine- 

 growers. It is stated that most of the commercial solutions known 

 as Bordeaux mixtures have carbonate of soda as their base. 



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