290 



iii, p. 412.] Specimens of Ofius humilis and Biachasma tryoni were 

 liberated in the Kona coffee district on 13th June 1913 ; the former 

 species was liberated in Honolulu in December 1913 and the latter 

 early in 1915. Tetrastichus gijfardi was liberated between 27th 

 October and 21st December 1914 on the Island of Oahu and in the 

 Kona and Hilo districts of Hawaii, and a few specimens of D.fullawayi 

 on Oahu and in the Kona district. Further liberations of the last- 

 named species were made in 1915. The percentages of parasitism of 

 D. fullawayi and T. gijfardi recorded represent the establishment and 

 control exerted by these parasites during the first year after their 

 liberation in Honolulu and the Kona district ; those of 0. humilis and 

 D. tryoni represent the control exerted by these two parasites during 

 their second year after establishment in the Kona district, but in 

 Honolulu during the second year of 0. humilis and the first year of 

 D. tryoni. In the Kona district, no specimens of T. gijfardi were 

 reared from larvae of C. cajntata developing in coffee berries, although 

 large numbers of the parasite were liberated. One specimen of 

 D. fullawayi was bred from larvae collected in coffee in January, 

 A gradual change was observed in the ratio of control exercised by 

 0. humilis and D. tryoni in the coffee section during March, June and 

 September. D. tryoni increased in effectiveness, but at the expense 

 of 0. humilis. The percentages of parasitism among larvae developing 

 in kamani nuts in Honolulu showed fewer negative results than those 

 recorded in 1914. D. fullaivayi appeared to be very efiicient in 

 parasitising larvae in coffee and may become of more value than 

 0. humilis. T. gijfardi may prove valuable in supplementing the 

 work of 0. humilis, D. tryoni and D. fullawayi, which species are most 

 active in attacking mature larvae while the host fruits are still attached 

 to the trees. They have not been observed to oviposit in larvae 

 within fallen fruit, while T. giffardi has been taken in channels of fruit- 

 fly larvae in decayed kamani nuts. Laboratory observations have 

 also shown that the female of T. giffardi will enter kamani nuts through 

 breaks in the pulp and attack the larvae within. During the warmer 

 seasons, when larval development and emergence is rapid, the heaviest 

 parasitism has been found among larvae emerging during the first day 

 or two after the fruit has been gathered. T. giffardi will probably be 

 able to parasitise, as they become mature, those larvae which were 

 either unhatched or very young when the host fruit fell from the tree. 

 The data for 1914 and 1915 show that the four parasites have become 

 successfully established and promise to be an important factor in the 

 control of C. capitata. 



CocKERELL (T. D. A.). Somc Grass-Feeding Mealy-Bugs (Coccidae). — 

 Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, ix. no. 2, Apiil 1916, pp. 312-313. 



Pseudococcus iimberlakei, sp. n., was collected from salt marsh grass 

 at Millbrae, Cahfornia, on 14th October 1915. Immature specimens 

 and females with egg-masses occurred on the leaf-blades or in the leaf- 

 axils. P. neomexicanus, var. iitahensis, var. n., was obtained from 

 Elymus in Salt Lake City in August, September and November. The 

 specimens were concealed between the sheaths and the stem. 

 P. neomexicanus, common in northern New Mexico, lives on the roots 

 of grass and is attended by a species of Lasius. 



