292 



cabbage, potatoes and seedling wheat, and also feeds on some wild 

 plants. The last occasion when a serious outbreak of this pest occurred 

 in Astrachan was in 1911, when great damage was done to capsicum and 

 tomatoes ; of late years it has again increased and an outbreak may 

 be expected in the near future. Owing to the great local importance 

 of these two crops, a special study has been made of this pest in relation 

 to them. Although the life-cycle from egg to imago lasts only 37-42 

 days, only three generations occur in Astrachan. The first or spring 

 generation lasts till the end of June, the second till the middle of 

 August, and the third during August and September. Only the first 

 two generations are of importance in. the local market-gardens, the 

 harvest being practically over by August. Hibernation probably 

 takes place only in the pupal stage and adults present in the autumn 

 do not survive the winter. The eggs are laid in heaps on the fohage 

 but not on the fruit. They hatch in five or six days and the larval 

 stage lasts 20-22 days, pupation taking place in the soil and the adult 

 (emerging in 12-14 days. Two Hymenopterous parasites of this moth 

 were found, but not identified ; one of these also attacks the cater- 

 pillars of Barathra {Mamestra) brassicae, L. Caterpillars of other 

 Noctuids observed on tomatoes and capsicum included those of Euxoa 

 segetum, Schifi., Polia [Mamestra) oleracea, L., Scotogramma (M.) 

 trifolii, Rott., and Agrotis c-nigrum, L. 



Any arsenical insecticide can be used effectively against the young 

 caterpillars, whilst they are feeding on leaves and good results were 

 obtained with Paris green (| lb. of green, 1 lb. of lime in 40 gallons of 

 water). The first spraying must be done 8-12 days after the planting 

 of tomatoes and capsicum ; the second about a month afterwards ; 

 the third in August. The control of fungus diseases attacking tomatoes 

 may be effected at the same time by spraying with a mixture con- 

 sisting of copper sulphate, 4 lb. ; lime, 3 lb. ; Paris green, | lb. in 

 about 40-45 gallons of water. 



<i TpYAbi coBtiuaHifl no BpeAHTenflMii KJieeepa cpeAHe-pyccKaro 

 paiOHa.» [Proceedings of the Conference on pests of clover in Central 

 i^zmw/.] — TyjibCKafl fyOepHCKan SewcKan Ynpaea. 3htomo- 

 JlorMHeCKafl CraHUifl. [The Uprava (Executive) of the Zemstvo 

 of the govt, of Tula. The Entomological Station], Tula, 1916, 

 248 pp. 



This conference, convened by the Zemstvo of the government of 

 Tula, and took place in April 1915 was attended by a number of 

 the heads of Entomological Stations, representatives of the Ministry 

 of Agriculture, etc. Clover is the principal forage crop in Russia and 

 according to the last available figures, which are those for 1911, some 

 4,300,000 acres of this class of crop were cultivated in European 

 Russia, of which a little over 62*5 per cent, were under clover. Since 

 then, these figures must have been largely exceeded, as in Central 

 Russia the cultivation of clover increases yearly. 



