317 



hespendinn (soft brown scale), Aspidiolus camelliae (greedy scale), 

 Saisselia oleae (black scale), Chrijsom-phalns aurantii (California red 

 scale), 0. aonidvm (Florida red scale), Aulacaspis ro.sac (rose scale), 

 Lepidosaphcs beckii (purple scale), Hendchionaspis aspidislrac (fern 

 scale), Psciidococois citri (citrus mealy bug), Aleurodcs {Didleurodes) 

 citri (citrus whitefly), an undetermined whitefly and thrips, Erlo.soma 

 lanigerum (woolly apple aphis), Aer/eria exitiosa (eastern peach borer), 

 mulberry borer, and Telmnychiis telarius (red spider). 



Orchard inspection was mainly directed against the San Jose scale 

 [Aspidiofus pcnuciosiis] and the codhng moth \C>/dia ponwncHa]. 

 In the inspection of citrus fruits during the autumn and winter of 

 1914-15 a normal amount of scarring by Scirtothrips citri (citrus thrips) 

 was recorded, in addition to continued freedom from scale- insects. 

 Measures were taken to prevent the introduction into the State of the 

 lucerne weevil {Hypcm variabilis]. Demonstrations were given on the 

 control and eradication of the San Jose scale, Parhloria hlanchardi 

 (date palm scale), codling moth, bryobia mite [Bryobia pmfensis\, 

 grape flea-beetle, cabbage worm, melon louse [Aphis fjossypii] and 

 grasshoppers. Investigations on the control of the harvester ant 

 [Pogonomyrmcx barbala], the green June beetle [Allorhina nitida] and 

 the alfalfa seed Chalcid [Bruchophagus fimebris] were undertaken. 

 P. barbata is now under complete control in the experimental lucerne 

 field, but has not been exterminated. Failure to accomplish exter- 

 mination may have been due to the fact that the field was not used 

 either for pasture or cropping, thus allowing a rank growth of weeds 

 and lucerne. The amount of London purple required was 2| lb. as 

 against 28| lb. during 1914. The results of experiments against 

 B. fimebris indicated the value of border trap-crops as a means of 

 control. 



The flea-beetle, Haltica foliucea, which was unusually abundant 

 and destructive to the fohage of apple and grape in 1914, was not 

 recorded in 1915, but an allied form H. carinata (steel-blue grape flea- 

 beetle) was present on deciduous fruit trees, grapes, and a native plant, 

 Pachylophus eximius (desert primrose), growing in a vineyard in the 

 Salt River Valley. This is probably the native food-plant and is 

 A\idely distributed in Arizona at elevations below^ 3,500 or 4,000 feet. 

 P. eximius is a well-known weed in vineyards in south Cahfornia. In 

 Arizona the beetles appeared during the last week in March and the first 

 two weeks in April. Spraying with lead arsenate, at the rate of 1 oz. of 

 powder to 1 U.S. gal. w^ater, with 1 oz. soap in every 8 U.S. gals., proved 

 an effective remedy. Clean culture appears to be important. Bryobia 

 pratensis was injurious to orchard trees in one district. Spraying on 

 4th May wnth sulphur at the rate of 3 lb. to 50 U.S. gals, water gave prac- 

 tically no results, but a second application was effective. Chrysobothns 

 femorala (flat-headed apple borer) was destructive to peach, apricot 

 and plum trees in the Salt River Valley. This insect confines its 

 attacks to weak or wounded trees and in the Salt River Valley it has 

 been noted that over-cropping of fruit trees is liable to be followed by 

 severe attack by the borer. The most severe damage is usually done 

 to young trees, where one or two borers may girdle and kill the tree. 

 Extensive damage is usually traceable to conditions which have been 

 unfavourable to vigorous growth. The presence of borers can usually be 

 detected by slight discolorations of the bark, by sawdust-like castings 



