324 



\ Pantel (J.). Note biologique sur Rlwcoditieura antiqua, Fall, (et non 

 ~~~^ Ceromasia nifipes, B. B.), Tachinaire parasite des Forficules. 



[Biological note on Rhacodineura antiqua. Fall, (nee Ceromada 

 (2\ riifipes, B. B.), a Tachinid parasite of earwigs.]— 5i^ZL Soc. Entorn. 



France, Paris, no. 8, 1916, pp. 150-154. 

 In some previous papers on the habits of Rhacodineura antiqua, Fall., 

 the author had incorrectly recorded this species under the name, 

 Ceromasia rufipes, B.B. R. antiqua was first described by Rodzianko 

 from south Russia, where it was observed to live singly in young forms 

 of Forficula tomis, Kolenati. Adults were found on the wdng in the 

 summer and pass the autumn and winter in the larval stage in the body 

 of the host. There is one egg-laying period, though the eggs are 

 deposited in several hosts. The first stage larva, which has not been 

 observed, is assumed to be temporarily present in some protected and 

 well aerated position in the host. In the second stage the larva lies 

 freely in the body cavity, and towards the end of this stage it migrates 

 to the region of the neck and bores a hole through the integument to 

 which it apphes its posterior stigmata, the host being stimulated to 

 form a protective sheath round the parasite. The second moult occurs 

 in this position. The puparium resembles that of Digonochaeta 

 setipennis ; the duration of the pupal stage varies from 17 to 38 days. 

 Adults have been obtained in March at Setubal, Portugal, and in June 

 and August in Holland. The duration of the second larval stage 

 greatly exceeds that of the first or third ; larvae in this stage are to 

 be met with from July to the following May. 



Back (E. A.) & Pembeeton (C. E.). Effect of Cold-Storage Tempsra- 

 (^ tures upon the Pupae of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly. — Jl. Aqric. 



Research, Washington, D.C., vi, no. 7, 15th May 1916, pp. 251-260, 



7 tables. 

 Although Ceratitis capitata, Wied., is mainly transported from one 

 country to another in the larval stage within fruits, there are indications 

 that the fly may be carried long distances in the ;pupal stage and be 

 capable of producing infestation. It w^as therefore considered desirable 

 to obtain data on the effect of cold-storage on the pupae. Experi- 

 mental work with temperatures lower than 45° F. was conducted in 

 a modern cold-storage plant ; for temperatures between 49° F. and 

 57° F. ordinary refrigerators were used. Pupae from one to ten days 

 old sifted from sand beneath host fruits were placed in storage in vials 

 for varying periods. From observations on 173,318 pupae, it was 

 concluded that none could survive exposure for longer periods than 

 were necessary to kill eggs and larvae in host fruits maintained at 

 similar temperatures [see this Revieiv, Ser. A, iv, p. 124]. The 

 critical temperature below which development into the adult state 

 could not take place was about 50° F. The age of the pupa 

 apparently had no direct bearing on its abihty to withstand low 

 temperatures. 



Snyder (T. E.). Egg and Manner of Oviposition of Lyctus planicdlis. 



— Jl. Agric. Research, Washington, D.C, vi, no. 7, 15th May 1916, 



pp. 273-276, 4 plates. 

 Beetles of the genus Lyctus are of economic importance OAving to the 

 damage they do to seasoned timber. L. planicolUs is a native American 



