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species occurring in the southern parts of the United States. The 

 winter is passed in the larval stage. At Washington, D.C., and at 

 Falls Church, Va., adults emerged from infested wood in breeding cages 

 at the end of February and the beginning of March, but emergence 

 did not become general until the middle of April, The last adults 

 appeared in July. At Baltimore, Md., emergence in a heated building 

 took place in January. Mating occurs commonly during May and 

 egg-laying begins a few days later. Eggs are deposited in hickory, ash 

 and oak, in the open ends of pores in the sapwood, two eggs usually 

 being laid together. The incubation period is about 10 days, and 

 newly-hatched larvae appear in June. Pupation occurs during the 

 following April. The presence; of numerous larvae in the wood gives 

 rise to the so-called powder-post condition. Injury to unfinished wood 

 products can be prevented by adapting a system of inspection and 

 methods of disposal of stock to the seasonal history of the insects. 

 Finished products may be treated with creosote to prevent attack, 

 but this substance stains the wood. The pores may be closed by the 

 application of paraffin wax, varnish, or linseed oil. Sapwood which 

 has been seasoned for less than 8 or 10 months is not liable to attack. 

 Preventives should be applied before 1st March. 



Bunker (P. S.). Report o! Superintendent of Gypsy and Brown Tail 

 Moth Work. — Ann. Rept. Park Commissioners, City of Fitchhurg, 

 Mass., for 1915, Fitchhurg, 1916, pp. 45-52, 3 plates. [Received 

 30th May 1916.] 



The most effective single feature in the suppression of the gipsy 

 moth [Lymantria dispar] is the thinning out of non-resistant trees, 

 such as oak, grey birch, etc., upon which the larvae feed in early stages. 

 Since dispersal is brought about by mechanical transport and by wind, 

 it is essential that colonies should not be allowed to develop in hedges, 

 fields, etc. The removal of non-resistant trees from roadsides and 

 adjoining private property to a distance of from 25 to 50 feet from the 

 road was carried out on a large scale during 1915, and resulted in about 

 90 per cent, reduction of infestation in residential, business and 

 suburban districts. This measure was supplemented by the collection 

 of egg-masses and spraying in the most seriously infested locahties. 



The most effective measure for the control of the brown-tail moth 

 [Euproctis chrysorrhoea] is the removal of non-resistant species, these 

 being practically the same as those attacked by the gipsy moth. 

 Sprays can also be applied in spring against this species and against 

 the elm leaf beetle [Galerucella luteola]. 



Surface (H. A.). Compulsory Spraying of Trees. — Weekly Press 

 Bull.,Penns. Dept. Agric, Harrishmg, i, no. 11, 16th March 1916. 

 [Received 30th May 1916.] 



By the regulations of the Nursery Inspection Law, owners of trees 

 infested with injurious insect or fungus pests are required to spray the 

 same if instructed to do so by the inspector. In case of neglect to 

 carry out these instructions, spraying can be carried out by the 

 Department of Agriculture at the owner's expense. 



