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Shtcherbakov (Th.). BionorMMecKiH unKJTb bhaob'B poAa Apion, Hbst. 

 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), WMBymMXli Ha HpaCHOMTj KJieeept 

 {TrifoUum pratense). [The biological cycle of the species of the 

 genus of Apion, Hbst. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), living on red 

 clover {TrifoUum ^ra^ense).] — « PycCKOe 3HT0M0J10rMMeCK0e 

 0603p'tHie.» [Revue Russe d' Entomologie], Petrograd, xv, no. 4, 

 28th March 1916, pp. 529-557. 



Observations on the biology of Apion were made at the Shatilov 

 Experimental Agricultural Station in 1914 and 1915, the species studied 

 being A. trifolii, L., and A. apricans, Hbst. In both years the weevils 

 appeared at the end of April, the maximum numbers being reached 

 in the second half of May. The view of A. Sopotzko, that they con- 

 centrate first on wild clover and afterwards migrate to the cultivated 

 varieties, has not been confirmed, the insects being fairly equally 

 divided on both. The process of oviposition and the life-history are 

 described in detail. The eggs are deposited exclusively in unopened, 

 green flower-heads and were never found in unfolded heads or in leaf 

 buds. Parthenogenesis does not appear to occur. The life of the 

 larva lasts on an average 17 or 18 days, during which time it devours 

 seven or eight ovaries. The whole cycle of development of the insect 

 from egg to imago lasts 29 or 30 days. The newly emerged weevils 

 remain sexually immature during the remainder of the summer and 

 hibernate in a state of diapause. Two Chalcidoid parasites of the larvae 

 and pupae were observed ; they have not yet been identified. 



Demokidov (K. E.). KTj 6ionoriM MaMHOfi MOJIM, Parametriotes 

 theae, Kusn. [On the life-history of the tea moth, Parametriotes 

 theae, Kusn.]— « PycCKOe 3HT0M0J10rM4eCK0e 0603ptHie.» [Revue 

 Russe d' Entomologie], Petrograd, xv, no. 4, 28th March 1916, 

 pp. 618-626, 8 figs. 



The author investigated during 1910-1914 the pests of the tea 

 plantations in the province of Batum. The following insects were 

 found : — Toxoptera tkeaeicola, Buckt., Pulvinaria fioccifera, Westw., 

 Parlatoria sp., Thrips sp., Eriophyes theae. Watt., Tetranychus bioculatus, 

 Wood-Mason, and Parametriotes theae, Kusn. The last-named appears 

 to be the most dangerous. It winters on the tea bushes as a cater- 

 pillar, the larger ones living in mines at the end of shoots, while the 

 smaller remain inside the leaves. This is in accordance with the 

 normal condition of the life of the larvae, the first part of which takes 

 place in leaves, and the second one in the shoots. The mines appear 

 at first as minute, brown-grey spots and increase in size with the growth 

 of the caterpillars. The migration of the caterpillars from the leaves 

 to the shoots begins in September or October in the case of the early 

 caterpillars, while the late ones remain inside the leaves over the winter 

 and pass into the shoots in the following spring. In warm winters 

 they remain active and none of them are left in the leaves at the 

 beginning of spring, while in cold winters they may still be found in 

 the leaves in the second half of April. The caterpillars which emerge 

 from the leaves in autumn are 3 or 4 mm. long, and penetrate exclusively 

 into the still soft shoots of the year, showing a marked preference for 

 the most tender part of the shoot toward the apical bud. A shoot 



