359 



natural and artificial regeneration, sylvicultural characters and 

 requirements, systems of management and external dangers are 

 considered. Under the last heading is included an account of the 

 insect enemies of Pinus longifolia, of which the following Hst is given : — 

 (1) Pests of seedlings and young trees in regeneration areas : Acm- 

 DiiDAE : Teratodes monticollis, Chrotogonus sp. and Oedaleus abrwptus, 

 ScoLYTiDAE : Zj?5 longifoUa, Steb., Polygraphus longifolia, Steb. 

 CuRCULiONiDAE : Cryptorrhynchus hrandisi, Steb. Pyralidae : under- 

 termined species. Cecidomyidae : Cecidomyia sp. Coccidae : Riper- 

 sia sp. [see this Review, Ser. A, iv., p. 128]. 



(2) Pests of pole woods and branches of large trees. Scolytidae : 

 Ips longifolia, Steb., I. rihhentropi, Steb., Polygraphus longifolia, Steb., 

 Cryphalus major, Steb., C. longifolia, Steb., Pityogenes coniferae, Steb., 

 and Platypus biformis. Chap. Curculionidae : Cryptorrhynchus 

 brandisi, Steb. Buprestidae : Anthaxia osmastoni, Steb., A. chotanica, 

 Kerr., Capnodis indicu. Thorns. Cerambycidae : Nothorrhina muri- 

 cata, Dalm. Cecydomyidae : Cecidomyia sp. 



(3) Pests of mature woods :■ — Scolytidae : Ips longifolia, I. rihhen- 

 tropi, Polygraphus longifolia, Hylastes longifolia, Steb., and Platypus 

 biformis. Curculionidae : Cryptorrhynchus brandisi and several 

 unidentified weevils. Buprestidae : Anthaxia osmastoni, Capnodis 

 indica, Ancylocheira geometrica, C. & G. Cerambycidae Nothorrhina 

 muricata. 



■ Polygraphus longifolia attacks pines of all ages ; the central chamber 

 occurs either entirely in the bark, or in thin- barked trees, in the bast 

 and sap-wood, while the egg-galleries are foimd in the outer sap-wood. 

 Three or four generations occur annually. The galleries of Platypus 

 biformis are bored horizontally into the sap-wood and heart-wood, 

 and give off vertical branches. The number of generations each year 

 is four or five. Cryptorrhynchus brandisi attacks both healthy and 

 weakened trees and newly felled timber. Ripersia sp. occurs on the 

 leading shoots and branches of regeneration areas up to ten feet high, 

 and causes an almost complete cessation of growth. Small red ants 

 have been known to cause injury at Dehra Dun by feeding on the 

 seeds before germination, the damage being most severe on bare 

 ground or on areas covered with a layer of pine needles. These ants 

 require further study, since they may be the cause of failure in 

 regeneration. 



Bodkin (G. E.). Report of the Economic Biologist. — Rept. Dept. Sci. 

 Agric, [British Guiana], 1914-1915, [Georgetown.] 17th September 

 1915, 11 pp. [Received 28th June 1196.] 



Control measures against insect pests of sugar-cane were carried 

 out on the majority of estates. These included the cutting out of 

 dead hearts, the collection of egg-masses of the small moth-borer 

 (Diatraea), the destruction of the larvae and pupae of Castnia in recently 

 cut fields, the use of light traps, and in some instances, the collection 

 and redistribution of parasitised egg-masses. The numbers of Tomaspis 

 fiavilatera, Urich (froghopper), and Dyscinetus bidentatus, Burm. 

 (hardback), appeared to have increased. Rubber was attacked to 

 a certain extent by the Acridiid, Osmilia fiavolineata, de G., and by 

 the ant, Atta cephahtes, L. Coconuts in the Georgetown area were 



