386 



38], and at least one species, D. vittata, is capable of carrying the wilt 

 over the winter and infecting spring cucumber plants. In these tests, 

 Anasa tristis (squash bug), Crejpidodera cucumeris (flea beetle). Aphis 

 gossypii (melon aphis) and Epilachna horealis (twelve-spotted lady- 

 beetle) failed to transmit the disease. 



Goodwin (W. H.). The Grape-Berry Worm (Polychrosis viteana, 

 Clemens). — Ohio Agric. Expt. Sta., Wooster, Bull. no. 293, March 

 1916, pp. 259-307, 20 plates, 15 tables. [Received 5th July 1916.] 



Polychrosis viteana is the most important pest of grapes in New York' 

 Pennsylvania and Ohio, and is especially destructive in districts near 

 Lake Erie, where the crop is seldom destroyed by frost during the 

 blossoming period or later. In central and eastern Ohio, frost acts as 

 a natural means of control every four or six years by destroying the 

 flowers of the grape and, in consequence, the food of the larvae. In 

 northern Ohio, winter is passed in the pupal stage within a cocoon 

 protected by a folded leaf of the host plant. Adults emerge from the 

 first or second week in June to the first week in July. Larvae develop- 

 ing from eggs laid on the buds, stems, and newly-formed berries, hatch 

 in from four to eight days, and reach maturity in from 20 to 27 days. 

 Pupation takes place within a folded leaf, and adults emerge in from 

 7 to 10 days. Adults of this brood appear from 5th to 12th August. 

 The second generation of larvae matures in October or earher ; 

 pupation takes place in fallen leaves which are fixed in the soil. Adults 

 emerge in the following June and are active between 3 p.m. and 

 dusk ; the powers of flight are weak, but it is possible that they may 

 be carried several miles by the wind. 



Spraying experiments have shown that the larvae can be readily 

 destroyed in the early stage. The first spray, consisting of 4 lb. lead 

 arsenate, Bordeaux 2-3-50 [50 U.S. gals, water], and 2 lb. soft soap, 

 should be applied just after flowering, when the largest berries are 

 about one-eighth inch in diameter. The second spraying should be 

 made between 3rd and 12th August, using the same materials as in 

 the preceding case. A third spray, in which the amount of lead 

 arsenate should be increased to 6 lb., should be apphed about the 

 time when the second generation larvae appear. 



GiLLANDERS (A. T.). Forestry and the War. — Qtrly. Jl. Forestry, 

 Londm, x, no. 3, July 1916, pp. 200-209. 

 The present abnormal cutting of trees in Britain and the resulting 

 increase in the amount of brushwood and the large proportion of stools 

 is Hable to produce a corresponding increase in the numbers of insect 

 enemies of forest trees, especially weevils and bark-beetles belonging 

 to the family Scolytidae. Hylobius ahietis (pine weevil), which is 

 given as an example of the former, attacks the bark and cambium of 

 young Coniferous trees from four to seven years old. The most serious 

 injury is caused by the adult and can therefore be reduced to a con- 

 siderable extent by the collection of the weevils. The larva is capable 

 of living in the roots of recently felled trees for some time. The best 

 method of control is the burning of all waste material, followed by 

 stocking the land for three or four years with cattle or sheep. Similar 

 measures should be undertaken against Hylurgus piniperda (pine 

 eetle). 



