398 



may be found feeding on this Aphid. By the first week in July they 

 become abundant, and by the second these natural enemies control the 

 pest, but by this time all the damage has been done. Very few 

 individuals seem to be attacked by Chalcid parasites, though the author 

 has bred one species on two occasions. The chief enemies are the 

 Coccinelhds, Adalia bipunctata and Coccinella septem-pimctata. The 

 chief Syrphid enemies are SyrpJws rihesii and Lasiophthicus (Catabomba) 

 pyrastri, though several other larvae have been found feeding on them, 

 including those of Syrphus grossulariae. Spraying has little or no 

 effect on A. hochi when once the leaves are curled. Nicotine soft-soap 

 wash is the only one that yields any appreciable result, but it is not 

 nearly effective enough to clean the trees, as so many individuals 

 escape owing to the dense leaf curhng. Early spraying with nicotine 

 and soap has, however, checked the damage in many cases. The 

 best results seem to be obtained with late Hme spraying, just before 

 the blossoms open. In small plantations and gardens, stripping the 

 curled leaves on bush trees has had excellent results, as also has 

 autumnal spraying to kill the sexual forms. 



Aphis crataegi, Kalt. {nee Buckton), occurs in Britain on Pyrus 

 malus, P. communis, Crataegus oxyacantha, etc. Schouteden treats 

 this species as a synonym of A. pyri, Fonsc, but this appears to be 

 incorrect. 



Aphis (Myzus) 7iigra is a new name proposed for A. oxyacanthae, 

 Koch {nee Schrank) and M. oxyacanthae, Schouteden. This species 

 has been found in Britain on apple and hawthorn. 



Aphis Tumicis, L., is abundant in Britain on many plants, especially 

 Rumex spp. (docks), Fabia spp. (beans), Papaver spp. (poppies) and 

 Euonymus spp. 



Siphocoryne avenae, ¥., is found in Europe generally, America and 

 perhaps Africa. 



Phorodon humuli, Schrank (hop and prune aphis) was found once 

 on apple. It was not only living on the apple foliage, but was repro- 

 ducing and developed large colonies at Wye in August and September 

 1911, which gave rise to an alate brood that migrated during the 

 latter month. 



A new species is described from Africa, viz. : — Aphis pomonella, 

 found at Nairobi, British East Africa, on the apple. Four other 

 Aphids recorded on apple in America are : — Myzus persicae, Sulzer, 

 Aphis brevis, Sand., A. bakeri, Cow., and A. medicaginis, Koch. 



French (J. N.). Wireworm Control. — Mthly. Bull.Cal. State Commiss. 

 Hartic, Sacramento, v, no. 6, June 1916, pp. 225-235, 3 figs. 



Wireworm injury to beet and bean crops in the Oxnard district of 

 Cahfornia is chiefly due to Limonius californicus, In consequence of 

 later planting, beans are usually more seriously damaged and are 

 stunted in growth, with a corresponding decrease in yield. The extent 

 of injury varies very considerably in different years ; it may be 

 restricted to a definite area for several successive years, may move 

 from one side of a field to another, or may be of shght or marked 

 intensity in alternate years. In the last instance, a species of wire- 

 worm with a shorter life-cycle may be present. The date at which 



