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dactylus (grape plume moth). T. comes is the most common insect 

 attacking grapes in Ontario. It is usually most numerous in the 

 neighbourhood of woods and waste places, which provide good winter 

 quarters for the adults, but also occurs in vineyards with comparatively 

 clean surroundings. The adults appear in the warm days of spring 

 and feed on almost any green plant, being specially fond of raspberries 

 and strawberries, and migrate to vineyards as soon as the foliage of 

 the grape is sufficiently developed. Eggs are laid in the tissues of the 

 leaf during June and the nymphs from these begin to hatch towards 

 the end of June. There is a partial second brood, the winter being 

 passed in the adult stage only. In the majority of cases clean culture 

 will control this pest, but where necessary, the underside of the leaves 

 should be thoroughly sprayed with Black-Leaf 40, one part to 1,500- 

 1,600 parts of water- or of Bordeaux mixture. In most years the best 

 time for application is from the 10th to the 20th of July. 



Haltica chalybea does a considerable amount of damage almost every 

 year in some localities. Vineyards may be attacked in spring by the 

 over-wintering adults, in late June and July by the larvae, or in late 

 July, August and September by the new brood of beetles, the first 

 attack being the only one which causes appreciable damage, as the 

 beetles then attack the swelling buds. Control includes clean culture, 

 the collection of the adults in frames saturated with kerosene, and 

 spraying. The frames measure 6 feet long by 3 feet wide, and are 

 covered over with muslin saturated with kerosene, which kills the beetles 

 when they drop. Against the spring attack, a spray containing 5 lb. 

 lead arsenate in 40 gals, water is advised. The addition of | gal. of 

 cheap molasses is said to assist in attracting the beetles. If rain occurs 

 soon after spraying, it must be repeated. To prevent injurj^ in the 

 following year spraying should also be carried out against the larvae, 

 with three pounds of lead arsenate in 40 gals, of water or preferably 

 Bordeaux mixture, as this will help to control fungus diseases. One 

 appHcation to the foliage about the end of June, or as soon as the larvae 

 are present, should be sufficient. 



Macrodadylus subspinosus fortunately breeds only in light or gravelly 

 soil, especially in locahties where there is much waste land of this 

 character. In such places whole vineyards may be very severely 

 damaged. The beetles appear in swarms and feed upon the blossoms 

 and young berries, and to some extent on the leaves, for about two 

 weeks ; they then migrate to other plants, such as the sumac, raspberry, 

 blackberry and rose. They often attack the foHage and young fruit of 

 apples, pears, plums and cherries, and do considerable harm. In about 

 a month from the time they first appear, most of the adults have died, 

 the females having deposited their eggs in light sandy or gravelly soil. 

 The larvae feed on the roots of weeds and grasses and become nearly 

 full-grown by November. They then burrow down to a depth of about 

 a foot and remain there over the winter, pupating about the 24th May 

 from 3 to 6 inches below the surface. One of the means of control 

 consists of ploughing the breeding places some 6 or 7 inches deep soon 

 after 24th May, while disking and harrowing them several times before 

 21st June will destroy great numbers of pupae. A spray containing 

 5 lb, lead arsenate and 1 gal. cheap molasses to 40 gals, of water should 

 be carefully appUed just as the beetles attack the grapes. In case of 

 rain the application should be repeated. 



