414 



at variance ■with the prevalent idea that this tree is not hable to 

 attack by insect pests. The injuries were first noticed in 1908 and 

 1909 on the branches and trunks. The damaged shoots die off, this 

 process starting at the tip and young plants being mostly attacked. 

 Where this scale is present in large numbers, other plants, such as 

 Euonymus europaeus, are attacked, though oaks are apparently 

 immune. The scales hatch in July and reach their normal size in 

 the following spring. The life-history and control of this pest 

 requires further study, as well as its relation to the varieties inermis 

 and timbracnlifera of this tree. It is also stated that in 1890 the 

 plantations of white acacia in this forest were seriously damaged by 

 some unidentified Geometrid caterpillars. In the south, the seeds of 

 white and yellow acacia and of Lathyrus silvestris are frequently 

 attacked by the caterpillars of the Pyralid, Etiella zinckenella, Tr., 

 which penetrate into the pods and devour the seeds. 



Vassiliev (Prof. E.). EoflpbllUHMlia. [Aporia crataegi, L.] — 

 « noflOJIbCKiM XoSflMHli.)) [The Podolian Farmer], Vinmtza, 

 no. 5-6, May-June 1916, pp. 12-13. 



Aporia crataegi has one generation a year, the pupal, adult, and 

 egg stages occurring during May and June, while the caterpillars 

 are present throughout the remaining 10 months. The chief damage 

 is done by the hibernated caterpillars in April and May, before 

 pupation. The eggs are laid on the upper surface of the leaves of 

 medlars, apple, pear, plum, blackthorn, walnut and less frequently 

 oak ; they have been found exceptionally on leaves of transplanted 

 beet. It is suggested that the destruction of the winter nests of this 

 pest, as well as those of Euproctis chrysorrhoea, should be compulsory. 

 In May and June it is advisable to watch the trees on which 

 oviposition is effected and to remove infested leaves and destroy the 

 eggs by crushing or by throwing the leaves into kerosene or naphtha. 



Kij Bonpocy o npHMtHeHiM bi* caAOBOACTBt wentsHaro Kynopoca bi* 

 COeAMHeHin CT» HSBeCTblO. [On the question of the application in 

 horticulture of iron sulphate in combination with lime.] — 

 « PycCKie Cy6Tponi1KI1.» [Russian Subtropics], Batonm, ix, 

 no. 4-5, pp. 84-85. 



Experiments on spraying fruit trees with a solution containing 11 lb. 

 of iron sulphate, 11 lb. of lime and 9 oz. of Paris green in 135 gallons 

 of water, gave good results against Hyponomeuta malinellus and other 

 gnawing insects. Neither fruit nor foliage suffered damage, but the 

 spray proved ineffective against fungus diseases, such as Leptosphaeria 

 lucilla on pear leaves. This preparation may be used with success for 

 smearing tree-trunks, as it destroys moss and lichen as well as scale- 

 insects and fungi, if some such disinfectant like carbohc acid or carboli- 

 neum is added. For the latter purpose a solution of the strength of 

 about 251b. of iron sulphate and 12-14 lb. of Hme in 135 gallons of 

 water was effectively used in 1914 without injuring the green parts of 

 the plants. Scorching caused by iron sulphate solution is attributed 

 to the presence of free sulphuric acid in the commercial product, of 



