415 



which even a 0*5 per cent, solution causes scorching. The addition 

 of Hme neutrahses the free acid and in combination with iron gives 

 hydrates which are beneficial to the trees. The best indicator to use 

 for determining the alkalinity of the mixture is phenolphthalein paper, 

 litmus being quite unreliable. 



Ol (I. A.). Mtpbl 6opb6bl CT. IHMTOBKOH Ha TepHt. [Remedies 

 against a scile-insect on black-thorn.] — « flporpecCMBHOe CaAO- 

 EOflCTBO M OropOflHM4eCTBO.» [Progressive Frnit-Growimj and 

 Market-GarrJening], Petrograd, xiii, no. 29, 30 July 1916, 

 pp. 702-703. 



Lepidosaphes ulmi, L., is very common in European Russia, breeding 

 on apple, pear, plum, thorn, peach, medlar, willow, service tree, etc. 

 The best remedy is California mixture applied in autumn, or in spring 

 before the swelling of the buds. To prepare California mixture, 10 lb. 

 of slaked lime, 10 lb. of flowers of sulphur and 3-6 gallons of water are 

 heated together till the whole turns amber-yellow, when about 5 lb. 

 of common salt, dissolved in water, is added and the mixture heated 

 for another 1| hours ; sufficient water to bring the total volume of the 

 liquid up to 22-27 gallons is finally added. At the moment when the 

 young larvae emerge in spring from underneath the shields, which can 

 be ascertained by watching a piece of bark kept in a glass, they can 

 be controlled by spraying with kerosene-emulsion, repeating it three 

 times at intervals of one or two days. 



Ol (I. A.). BopbSa C-b hSjiohhom T/ieil. [The control of Ajihis 

 ]}07m, De Geer.]— «nporpeccMBHoe CaflOBOflCTBo H OropoflHM- 

 MeCTBO.» [Progressive Fruit-Growing and Market-Gardening], 

 Petrograd, xiii, no. 30, 6th August 1916, pp 718-719. 



The control of Aphis pomi consists in the destruction of the eggs in late 

 autumn and winter by cutting away and burning infested shoots, or by 

 spraying wdth California mixture; or spraying in spring, before the leaves 

 have been curled, with quassia emulsion or tobacco decoction \vith soap. 

 Quassia emulsion is prepared by boiling 3 lb. of quassia shavings in 

 about 6 gallons of water for two or three hours and adding 2-3 lb. of 

 soft soap dissolved in a small quantity of water to the strained liquor. 

 Tobacco extract is prepared as follows : — 1-2 lb. of dry leaves and 

 stems are steeped in 3 gallons of water for 4-6 days and then boiled 

 in the same water for 3-4 hours, strained, and made up to 2-4 times 

 this volume wdth water ; 3 lb. of soap is added to each 3 gallons of 

 the extract. 



DONETZKY. /lyrOBOH MOTbineKlj M Wfepbl 6opb6bl C"b HMIVI"b. [Phlyctae- 

 nodes sticticalis and its control.] — • « X03flMCTB0 Ha AoHy.» 



[Husbandry on the Don], Novotcherkassk, xi, jio. 11, 25th June 

 1916, pp. 492-494. 



An outbreak of caterpillars of Phlyctaenodes sticticalis is recorded 

 and the immediate application of spraying with Paris green is urged. 

 The usual remedies are given, including cultivation of the ground 

 during the pupal stage, destroying the adults by burning dry gi-ass, 

 etc., and the destruction of weeds serving for oviposition. 



