436 



CrUEYLAPvD (Mile. F.) & PoRTiER (P.). Recherches sur la resistance 

 au froid des chenilles de Cossus et Carpocapsa. [Researches on 

 the resistance of Cossus and Carpocapsa larvae to cold.] — C. R. 

 Soc. Biol, Paris, Ixxix, no 15, 29th July 1916, pp. 774-777. 



The larvae of Cossus cossus may be frozen and yet recover full 

 vitaUty when brought back to a normal temperature. A larva exposed 

 for one hour to a temperature of 5° F. was frozen so stifi that an attempt 

 to bend it caused it to break in two. After being held in the hand for 

 «ome time, the pieces were seen to begin moving, and when the rear 

 portion was placed in front of the mandibles, it was devoured. A rapid 

 warming was not found to cause injury, for a larva kept at 5 ° F. for one 

 hour and then immediately softened by dipping in water at 85° F., 

 was alive on the following day. Repeated freezings did not affect 

 the larvae, some of which were treated six times within a month without 

 any apparent ill effect. The above facts applied only to experiments 

 made in winter. During mild weather in February 1916, and again 

 later, when some larvae were frozen at 1° F. and others in liquid air, 

 they all died. Seasonal influence is therefore present and an actual 

 adaptation to cold during winter is involved. A series of experiments 

 made with the larvae of Cydia {Carpocapsa) pomonella, which also 

 hibernates as a larva, yielded the same results. 



JFeytaud (J.). Les insectes de la vigne : L'Apate k six dents ; le 

 Hanneton vert ; la Grisette. [Insect pests of the vine : Sinoxylon 

 sexdentatum, 01., Anomala vitis, F., Lopus sidcaius, Fieb.] — Rev. 

 Viticulture, Paris, xlv, no. 1149, 6th July 1916, pp. 5-7, 

 1 coloured plate. 



Sinoxylon (Apate) sexdentatum is one of the commonest Bostrychids 

 in France [see this Review, Ser. A, ii, p. 196]. The second generation 

 from August to September does the most damage. The Lamelhcorn, 

 Anomala vitis, appears in the adult form at the end of June and devours 

 the fohage of the vine, mllow and other plants during a fortnight. 

 After mating the females oviposit in the ground, near the surface. 

 The larvae live underground and feed on the roots of the vine and other 

 plants. The larval stage lasts a year and a half, pupation taking place 

 in March. This species is most abundant in the ohve-growing regions, 

 in sandy soils. The Capsid bug, Lojms sulcatus [see this Review, 

 Ser. A, ii, p. 609], reaches the adult stage about the end of May and 

 pierces the flower buds of the vine. Oviposition takes place at the end 

 of June, the eggs being deposited in the bark of the stocks, in cracks in 

 the vine-stakes, or in the pith of the branches. Nine or ten months 

 later, in March or April, the eggs hatch and the young larvae, which 

 are very agile, migrate to the grasses which grow in the \dneyard. 

 After about a month the nymphal stage is entered. Feeding is actively 

 continued, but the grasses are abandoned by the insect, which chmbs 

 the \'ine-stocks and attacks the inflorescences. The early removal of 

 grasses will cause it to starve before the vines are able to jdeld a good 

 supply, but if the work is done too late, the attack will be concentrated 

 on the vines. The removal of the bark from the stocks and the treat- 

 ment of both stocks and vine-stakes with hot water will destroy many 

 eggs. The same result will also be attained by painting with mixtures 

 having a heavy-oil base. 



