447 



feeding punctures are observed, followed by a second one or two weeks 

 later. Galerucella cavicollis, Lee. (cherry leaf beetle) was responsible 

 for the partial defohation of peach and cultivated cherry in some 

 counties. Lead arsenate at the rate of 4 lb. to 50 gals, water, com- 

 bined with Bordeaux mixture, was most efficient in controlling this 

 insect. 



Insects affecting grass crops were Cramhus luteolellus, Clem, (grass 

 webworm), Philaenus lineatus, L. (hned spittle insect), and Aplirophma 

 (P.) spumaria, L. (European spittle insect). The first-named species 

 was also very destructive to maize in one district. Susceptible crops 

 should, if possible, be planted at some distance from grass land. Infested 

 land should be ploughed in August or September to expose the half- 

 grown larvae. If this is impracticable, spring ploughing should be 

 delayed until the larvae have finished feeding. Frequent crop rotation 

 should be practised. 



A number of larvae resembling those of Anthrenus were recorded 

 from New York, where they occurred in household articles and clothing, 

 except woollen garments. The life-cycle was determined and found 

 to occupy a year. The larvae were capable of living three or four 

 years without food and were resistant to carbon bisulphide. The use 

 of sodium fluoride was recommended against them. 



Howard (L. 0.). Lachnosterna Larvae as a possible Food Supply. — 

 Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, ix, no. 4, August 1916, pp. 390-392. 



Several methods of preparing Lachnostermi larvae for food are 

 described. These are considered very palatable by those who have 

 tasted them, and the author is of the opinion that these larvae will be 

 shown to have a very definite food value. 



WoGLUM (R. S.). Reducing the Cost of Commercial Spraying. — 



Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, ix, no. 4, August 1916, pp. 392-395, 

 1 fig. 



This paper describes a method of reducing the cost of commercial 

 spraying by 75 per cent., by the adoption of a system of underground 

 pipes through which the spraying fluid is carried to all parts of the 

 orchard. The experimental plot consisted of 10 acres and contained 

 1,125 trees. Piping finch in diameter was laid at a depth of 1 foot 

 and provided with uprights for the attachment of hose at regular 

 intervals. The spraying material used was water ; this was carried 

 by a one-inch pipe from a water main into a power sprayer having a 

 200-gallon tank, and thence was pumped directly into the pipe system. 

 By means of the attachment of 150 feet of hose to each of the 24 

 hydrants, all trees in the orchard were easily reached. The total cost 

 of the system was about 5d. per tree. The possibility of replacing 

 water by an insecticide or fungicide such as nicotine and soap or lime- 

 sulphur is suggested, as well as that of applying the system to the 

 treatment of truck crops or orchards on steep hillsides. It is recom- 

 mended that a pipe not less than one inch in diameter should be used, 

 since the loss by friction in smaller pipes is too great. A large mixing 

 tank automatically emptying into the spray tank would be necessary 

 to produce a continuous supply of insecticide. Drainage outlets at 

 the lowest levels should be provided for emptying the system after use. 



