450 



agricultural teaching into the curriculum of agricultural colleges is of 

 comparatively recent date. The courses are thus not yet arranged 

 in the best possible manner and will require considerable readjustment 

 if they are to offer a thoroughly practical course of training. It is 

 assumed that a year's course, supplemented by work during the summer 

 in a commercial apiary, should be sufficient to acquire a practical 

 knowledge of bee-keeping. Considerable attention should be devoted 

 to the wintering problem and to the manipulation of bees. 



Cory (E. N.). The Columbine Leaf-Miner. — Jl. Econ. Entom., 

 Concord, ix, no. 4, August 1916, pp. 419-424, 2 figs., 1 plate. 



Phytomyza aquilegiae, Hardy, was first observed in the larval stage 

 in Maryland on 11th May 1914. Mines then occurred only in the 

 lower leaves, but later spread throughout the entire foliage. Hiber- 

 nation of this species takes place in the pupal stage. Adults appear 

 at the end of April and the beginning of May. Females feed before 

 pairing on juices exuded from punctures made in the leaves by their 

 ovipositors. Eggs are imbedded to a greater or less degree in the 

 tissue of the under side of the leaf. The average duration of the egg- 

 stage of the first generation is 5^ days, that of later generations, two 

 days. The length of the larval period is more dependent on the 

 food-supply than on the temperature ; the average duration for all 

 generations is 10| days, but where the food-supply is scarce, this may 

 be reduced to six days. Pupation takes place outside the leaf, the 

 pupae being attached to the under side of the latter. The duration 

 of this stage in the first two generations averages 14 days ; the third 

 generation may require 19 days, or a period of aestivation may intervene, 

 lasting from the beginning of June until the second week in September. 

 A fourth generation appears in the middle of September ; the pupae 

 of this brood hibernate on or below the surface of the soil at the base 

 of the host plant. Broods other than the first are controlled to a 

 considerable degree by parasites, of which 13 species have been reared. 

 These include : — Clostocerus tricinctus, Ashm. ; C. utahensis, Gahan ; 

 Sympiesis agromyzae, Gahan ; Diaidinus pulchripes, Crawf . ; D. begini, 

 Ashm. ; Derostemis varipes, Crawf. ; D. pictipes, Crawf. ; Zagram- 

 mosoma multilineatum, Ashm. ; Pleurotropis sp. ; Aphaereta sp. ; 

 Chrysocharis sp. ; Derostemis sp. n., and a Mymarid. 



Control measures include the removal and destruction of infested 

 leaves during May and the turning over of the soil at the base of the 

 plants before 1st April in order to expose the pupae. 



Pierce (W. D.). Notes on the Habits of a Dangerous Genus of 

 \J Weevils. — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, ix, no. 4, August 1916, 



pp. 424-431, 3 figs. 



Four species of Aveevils belonging to the genus Polifdrusus are either 

 natives of, or have been long established in America, and two other 

 species, P. {Eustolus) impressifrons, Gyl., and P. {Tliomsoneonymus) 

 sericeus, Schall., have been imported recently from Europe. P. deli- 

 catulus, Horn, and P. peninsular is, Horn, occur in lower California ; 

 P. corsicus, Tournier, feeds in the adult stage on the buds of Quercus 



