459 



ears and those of Brachycolus noxius on the rolled leaves ; Aphis 

 prunina, Walk,, on plums ; A. vitis, Scop., on vine ; A. craccivora, 

 Roch., on lentils ; A. persicae, B. de F., on apricots and almonds ; 

 A. obnoxia, Mordw., sp. n., on leaves of barley (in the previous report 

 this species was recorded as Aphis sp. n., on sorghum) ; A. crataegi, 

 •Kalt., on apple ; ^. sp. n., on millet ; A. brassicae, L., on cabbage 

 and mustard ; A. crataegi, Buckt. {gossypii, Wass.) very injurious to 

 bachza plants in one locaUty ; A. rumicis, L., on poppy, and A. pomi, 

 de G., on apples. Phenacoccus aceris, Sign., was frequently found in 

 cracks in the bark of old apple trees, more rarely of pear and apricot 

 trees, but not on vines. 



Lepidoptera : Papilio podalirius, L., occurred on plums ; Pieris 

 daplidice, L., on mustard, many parasites being obtained from the 

 pupae ; and Deilephila lineata, F., var. livornica, Esp., on vine. The 

 caterpillars of Lymantria dispar, L., did considerable damage to 

 orchards in various localities in the valley of the Kuma, where they 

 have greatly increased since 1913. From 295 pupae collected on 17th 

 July there were reared 42 Dipterous larvae and six Chalcid parasites. 

 Gastropacha quercifolia, L., was recorded on pear trees, Acronycta 

 tridens, SchifE., on apricots, while Barathra (Mamestra) brassicae, L., did 

 considerable damage to cabbages in May, June and July. Chloridm 

 {Heliothis) dipsacea, L., is a serious pest of flax. The hfe-history of 

 this species have been studied on the spot by A. D. Shamrai, whose 

 observations show conclusively that two generations of the adults 

 occur, thus differing from the results obtained by Krassilstchik. It is 

 probable however, that in some parts of North Caucasia, C. dipsacea 

 has only one generation and that in some years the caterpillars of the 

 late adults do not pupate at once. The caterpillars of Cucullia san- 

 t&nici, Hb., attacked the leaves of sunflower ; this species appears to 

 be recorded as a pest for the first time. Eubolia arenacearia, Hb., 

 injured lucerne and Sarrothripus revayatia, Sc, attacked the leading 

 shoots of young seedhng poplars. Homoeosoma nebulella, Hb., was 

 present in great numbers ; according to N, N. Filipiev, the caterpillars 

 which were found on sunflower belong, not to this species, but to 

 H. nimbella, Z., not previously recorded as a pest of this plant. Phlyc- 

 taenodes sticticalis, L., was observed in great numbers in the caterpillar 

 stage, but these were evidently destroyed by reploughing, as no out- 

 break of the adults occurred later. Tortrix (Cacoecia) podana, Sc, 

 occurred on black currants, gooseberries, apples and elder ; Tortrix 

 (Pandemis) ribeana, Hb., on apple and maple ; T. heparana, Schifi., 

 on pears, blackcurrants, gooseberries, apples and raspberries ; Phalonia 

 (Conchylis) epilinana, Z., on flax. Tortrix viridana, L., seriously 

 injured oaks ; other species being Hyponomeuta malinellus, Z., 

 H. padellus, L., and H. rorellus, Hb., on willows ; Plutella maculipennis, 

 Curt., on cabbages, rape and to a less degree mustard; and Gelechia 

 rhombdla, Schiff., and Coleophora nigricella, Stph., were very common 

 on apple trees. 



Coleopterous pests included : — Epicauta erythrocephala, Pall., 

 seriously injuring fodder beet ; Omophlus sp., in large numbers in 

 May on flax and mustard ; Podonta sp., on wheat and rape ; Lema 

 melanopa, L., on summer-sown wheat and barley ; Sind Cola phus hoefti, 

 Men., on mustard. This species, and not C. sophiae, Schall. [see this 

 Review, Ser. A, i, p. 537 and ii, p. 355], probably also occurs in the 



(C322) b2 



