476 



The Grape Leal-Hopper. -Weelly Press Bull, Penns. Dept. Agric, 

 Harrisburg, i, no. 35, 7th September 1916. 



T'or controlling the grape leaf-hopper [Typhlocyba cofnes] in 

 Pennsylvania spraying with Black Leaf 40, 1 part in 150 of water, 

 whale oil soap, 1 lb. in 6 or 7 gals, water, or kerosene emulsion, 1 part 

 stock solution in from 8 to 10 parts water, should be carried out during 

 the first week in July. The spray should be applied to the under side 

 of the leaves at a pressure of about 125 lb. 



Treatment for Aster Bugs. — WeeUy Press Bull, Penns. Dept. Agric, 

 Harrisburg, i, no. 36, 14th September 1916. 



Aster bugs [? Cantharis stygica, Lee] are usually abundant in 

 Pennsylvania dming autumn. The larval stage is passed in the soil, 

 and the food during this period consists of eggs of grasshoppers. 

 Hibernation takes place in the soil and adults emerge in the following 

 summer. Leaves and flowers form the food during the adult stage. 

 When very numerous, adults may be killed by spraying the host plants 

 with lead arsenate at the rate of 1 oz. to 1 U.S. gal. water, by beating 

 off the host, or by shaking into cloths soaked in kerosene or tar or 

 into pans containing water and a layer of kerosene. 



Davis (J. J.) & Satterthwait (A. F.). Life-History Studies of 

 Cirphis unipuncfa, the True Army Worm. — Jl. Agric. Research, 

 Washington, B.C., vi, no. 21, 21st August 1916, pp. 799-812, 

 2 figs., 1 plate, 3 tables. 



Adults of Cirphis (Heliophila) unipuncta, Haw., were first observed 

 at La Fayette during 1915 on the night of 13th May feeding on the 

 honeydew produced by Pulvinaria vitis, L., Eulecanium {Lecanium) 

 quercifex, Fitch, and Callipterus discolor, Mon., on white oak. Speci- 

 mens were collected and kept in captivity in order to determine the 

 number of annual generations in that latitude. Under outdoor 

 conditions, larvae arising from eggs deposited by these moths were 

 first observed on 7th June. Pupae were found on 27th June and 

 adults on 8th July. Eggs of the next generation were found on 14th 

 July, larvae on 20th July and the first adults on 30th August. Eggs 

 of the third generation were first noticed on 25th September and larvae 

 three days later. These larvae hibernated while still immature and 

 completed development during the following April. From further 

 observations it appears that a partial fourth generation can arise in 

 some seasons. Under outdoor conditions the total life-cycle occupies 

 about 68 days. The amount of maize foliage consumed by the larvae 

 in the various instars was determined. The average for 108 individuals 

 was 41*394 square inches, of which 34 '128 square inches were eaten 

 during the fifth or last instar. This fact explains the destructive 

 action of nearly full-grown larv^ae. 



The eggs of C. unipuncta are laid at night in masses of from 25 to 134 

 on grass, oats, barley, maize, etc., between overlapping leaves fastened 

 together or between the leaf-sheaths. The largest number of eggs 



