487 



itself. The degree of parasitism during the year was high. The 

 Braconid, Phanerotoma tibialis parasitised from 27 to 72 per cent, of 

 the larvae on dry bogs and from to 22 per cent, on bogs with late 

 winter flooding. The Ichneumonid, Pristomeridia agilis, varied from 

 5 to 38 per cent, on dry bogs and from to 7| per cent, on those with 

 late flooding. The Chalcid, Trichogramma minutum, varied from 42 to 

 89 per cent, and from 12 to 89 per cent, under the same conditions. 

 Pupation on the part of M. vaccinii and of P. tibialis and P. agilis was 

 found to take place during the first half of June. P. agilis deposited 

 one or two eggs in the host larva. P. tibialis was found to be oviparous. 

 The incubation period was not more than four days. Pupae of 

 M. vaccinii were also found to contain Megastigmus brevicaudis, Ratz., 

 and Syntomaspis sp. ; these may have been primary or secondary 

 parasites. Larvae of M. vaccinii kept under observation fed on the 

 following fruits : — Vaccinium corymbosum, L., Gaylussacia frondosa, L., 

 G. baccata, Wang., Pyrus malus, L., Prunus maritima, Wang., P. serotina, 

 Ehrh., and Viburnum cassinoides, L. Cirphis (Heliophila) unipuncta, 

 Haw. (army worm), and the tent caterpillars, Malacosoma disstria, 

 Hb., and M. americana, F., were rarely seen. The Geometrid, 

 Abbotana clemataria, S. & A., a species commonly occurring in 

 cranberry bogs in July, was kept under observation. Pupae formed 

 between 9th and 25th July, 1914 gave rise to adults between 20th and 

 27th May 1915. One female deposited 432 eggs about 30th May. 

 Larvae emerged on 14th June and when mature, pupated in sand at a 

 depth of 2 inches. The following Geometrids have also been reared : — 

 Cymatoph&ra sulphurea, Pack., Epelis truncataria vox.faxonii, Minot, 

 Cingilia catenaria, Drury, and Cleora pampinaria, Gn. The Ichneumon, 

 Amblyteles putus, Cress., was reared from C. sulphurea. 



The Chrysomehd, Rhabdopterus picipes, 01. (cranberry root-worm) 

 caused some injury in one locality in a bog which had been flowed 

 every winter to a depth of 9 inches. Hibernation was found to take 

 place in the sand at depths varying from 1| to 8 inches. Another 

 Chrysomehd, Cryptocephalus incertus, 01., attacked the fohage in one 

 district, infestation being first noted on 20th August and continuing 

 until the middle of September. Lepidosaphes ulmi, L. (oyster-shell 

 scale) was met with in varying numbers, but was never abundant on 

 flowed bogs. Infestation by Lymantria (Porthetria) dispar, L, (gipsy 

 moth) can apparently take place in the following ways : — (1) by 

 hatching of eggs deposited on the bog during the previous year ; (2) by 

 transportation by the wind of young larvae ; (3) by larvae falhng on 

 to the margins of the bog from overhanging trees ; (4) by the migration 

 of larvae in the later stages across marginal ditches. Injury by 

 Perrisia vaccinii (Cecidomyia oxycoccana, Joh.) (cranberry tip worm), 

 showed a marked decrease in those bogs which had been resanded 

 between September 1914 and May 1915. 



GossARD (H. A.). The Clover Lear Tyer {Ancylis angulifasciana, Zeller), 

 —Ohio Agric Expt. Sta., Wooster, Bull. no. 297, May 1916. 

 pp. 429-443, 3 plates. [Received 30th September 1916.] 



Much of the information in this paper has already been given in a 

 previous abstract [see this Review, Ser. A, iv, p. 188]. Severe damage 



