501 



which an outbreak is to be expected again in 1917, if no control measures 

 are apphed during the Avinter ; Euprodis chnjsorrhoea, the numbers 

 of which were somewhat checked in some locahties by its parasites ; 

 Anihonomus pomorum ; Hyponomeuta malineUns ; and Cydia 

 pomanella. There were also present, although in much smaller 

 numbers, Lymantrm dispar, Malacosoma neustria, Rhynchites pauxilluSy 

 R. bacchus, Psylla niali and P. pyricola. A species of Phyllotreta and 

 Chortophila (AntJiomyia) brassicae damaged cabbages. 



dpMMtHeHie B-b caAax-b mentsHaro Kynopoca. [The apphcation of 

 iron sulphate in orchards.] — « PycCKJe Cy6TponMKM.» [Russiun 



Subtropics], Journal of the Agricultural Society and of the 

 Botanical Garden of Batum, Balum, ix, no. 6-7, 1916, pp. 103-104. 



Iron sulphate is chiefly used and gives the best results in the 

 destruction of hchen and moss, but it may be also used for the control 

 of Psylla mali, for which purpose a 3 per cent, solution (1 lb. of iron 

 sulphate in 3 gallons of water) is sprayed before the buds swell. 

 According to Balabanov, this spray, even when most carefully used, 

 wiU only destroy 30-50 per cent, of the eggs, and another spray with 

 tobacco against the hatching larvae is indispensable. No lime need 

 be added to the solution. 



ScHoYEN (T. H.). Beretning om skadeinsekter og plantesygdommer i 

 land og havebruket 1915. [Report on the injurious insects and 

 fungi of the field and the orchard in 1916], Kristiania, 1916, 

 pp. 37-92, 30 figs. 



Owing to the cold spring in the southern part of the country the 

 growth of cereals was greatly retarded, which exposed them for a longer 

 time than usual to the attacks of wireworms, which were reported 

 as doing damage in many places. Galeruca (Adimonia) tanaceti 

 injured oats, and Hyper a (Phytonomus) rumicis attacked the leaves of 

 barley, without however causing any serious injury. Examples of the 

 Longicorn, Strangalia qimdrifasciata, were found on the ears of oats 

 and barley, which were severely infested with Macrosiphum gmnarium 

 {Aphis cerealis) and it is probable that the beetles had been attracted 

 by the honeydew secreted by these Aphids. Other cereal pests were 

 Hadena basilinea on barley, Oscinella (Oscinis) frit on oats and barley, 

 Chlorops taeniopus on barley, Hydrellia griseola on oats, Hylemyia 

 coarctata, and Lygus pabulinus. Macrosiphum granarium {Siphcmo- 

 phora cerealis) was fairly common in July and August over a large area. 

 Oats suffered most, but barley, rye and wheat were also attacked. 

 All specimens sent this year belonged to this species, whereas in 1914 

 it was Aphis avenae which caused the injury. The fact that A. avenae 

 did not occur in any numbers in 1915 is thought to be due to its enemies 

 being already numerous enough in the spring to check its spread, while 

 M. granarium, on the other hand, appeared so late in the summer that 

 by that time, the parasites and predaceous enemies had succumbed to 

 starvation. A thrips, Physapus vulgatissimus, occurred on oats, and 

 a spring-tail, Aphorura arnuita, injured the young shoots of different 

 cereals in company with Hylemyia coarctata. 



