507 



as well as PogonocJiaenis fasciculalus, de G., which prefers the branches, 

 are also injurious. Rharjmm inquisitor, L., is perhaps more injurious 

 owing to its numbers than the last-named, although it is normally a 

 secondary pest. 



There are only two Anobiids, Ernohius explanatus, Mann., and 

 Anohium thomsoni, Kraatz, which are comparatively common and 

 sometimes primary. The former lives during the entire larval period 

 under the bark, where it also pupates ; the latter lives in the interior of 

 the tree, excavating in all directions. A third member of this family, 

 Anohium emarginatum, Duft., is always primary, but is nevertheless 

 harmless, because it lives in the dead parts of the bark, never penetrating 

 to the cambium. Of the Curculionidae, Pissodes hercyniae, Herbst, 

 is the only species found ; it occurs under the bark of half-dead spruces. 

 It is sometimes very common, its winding galleries leaving their mark 

 on the whole truiik. Of the Buprestidae the most important is 

 Anthaxia qiiadripunctata, which is common. Phaenops cyanea, F., 

 is so rare as to be of little consequence. Melanophila acuminata, de G., 

 the larvae of which are regularly to be found under the bark of trees 

 injured by fire that in many instances w^ould probably have recovered, 

 is probably more injurious. 



LiRO (J. L.). Margborrarne. [The pine beetles.] — Uppsatser i skogs- 

 bruk, redigerade av Finska Skogsvardsforeningen Tapio. [Papers 

 on forestry abstracted from (the journal of) the Finnish Foresters' 

 Association], Helsingfors, 1916, no. 9, pp. 126-132, 8 figs. 



This paper gives a summary of the biology and damage done bj^ 

 Myelopliilus piniperda and M. minor and records injuries on Pinus 

 cembra, P. strobus, P. austriaca, P. nigricans, P. maritima, P. laricio 

 and P. pinea, as well as on spruce. Some observations tend to show 

 that these beetles may be attracted from a distance of from 5 to 

 10 furlongs when in search of food. 



Welander (Adolf). Barkborrens formaga att doda friska granar 

 experimentelt bevisad. [Experimental evidence that Ips typo- 

 graph'us is able to kill perfectly healthy spruce trees.]' — Skogs- 

 vdrdsforeningens Tidskrift, StockJiohn, 1916, nos. 6-7, pp. 520-526, 

 3 figs. 



In some experiments made to solve the problem whether bark- 

 beetles are able to kill perfectly healthy trees, two spruce trees were 

 surrounded loosely about 12 feet above the ground by brass-gauze 

 2 feet wide and fastened at both ends by wire. In these cages about 

 450 bark-beetles {Ips typographus) were enclosed on the 25th May 1913. 

 The beetles immediately began to seek refuge in the crevices of the 

 bark, where they started making their galleries. On the 9th June the 

 gauze was removed and 40 per cent, of the beetles were found dead, 

 the rest having entered the bark. Many of these had made their 

 escape from the gauze, but afterwards penetrated the bark above ot 

 under the wires. The high percentage of dead beetles may have been due 

 partly to the conditions of the experiment, some being probably injured 

 when collected. They were, however, very rarely caught in the resin, 

 as they always retreated in good time. The trees were inspected on 



(C327) b2 



