518 



€aesaii (L.). The Imported Willow and Poplar Borer or Curculio 



{Cryptorrhynclms lapathi, L.) — 46th Ann. Rept. Entom. Soc. Ontario, 

 1915, Toronto, 1916, pp. 33-40, 3 figs. [Received 10th October 

 1916.] 



An outbreak of Cryptorrhynchus lapatJii occurred during the 

 summer in the eastern part of Toronto Island. Investigation showed 

 that this insect is widely distributed in the Province, especially in the 

 southern part. The species of poplar preferred are Populus candicans 

 and P. balsmnifera, and to a less extent, P. deltoides. Among wallows, 

 the most severe injury is caused to several native species, including 

 the scrub willows and Salix fragilis (crack willow). In Europe, 

 C. lapathi attacks several species of willow and poplar and a few species 

 of birch and alder, including Almis incana. In the United States, 

 almost all native and imported willows and poplars are injured and, 

 in addition, Betula puniila and B. nigra. Damage is caused by the 

 larvae, which bore into the sapwood and heartwood of the host. In 

 the case of old trees, tunnels are found in the lower branches, while in 

 young trees the base of the trunk is attacked. Injured trees become 

 weakened and are very liable to be broken of! by strong wdnds. Adults 

 have been taken in May and between the beginning of July and the 

 middle of October. Feeding takes place on juices exuded from the 

 points of exit and from punctures made in the young twigs. In 

 captivity adults fed readily on ripe apples and peaches. Adults 

 appearing in May probably oviposit in June, and oviposition con- 

 tinues till early in August. The eggs are laid singly in cavities 

 at the base of a common puncture. The winter appears to be 

 loassed in either the egg or the larval stage. The larval galleries 

 run nearly straight in the stem or branch and reach a length of from 

 2^ to 4 inches, pupation taking place at the inner end of the gallery. 

 Distribution is effected by the adults, which are probably capable of 

 considerable powers of flight, and by the transportation of poplars and 

 "wallows from infested nurseries. Infested trees should be cut down 

 and burned during the first or second week in June, after the oviposition 

 of adults emerging in May. It is also advisable to plant varieties of 

 wdllows and poplars that are less liable to attack, such as Salix alba 

 (white willow), S. lucida (glossy willow), Pojndus alba (white poplar), 

 and P. tremuloides (aspen). 



Felt (E. P.). Side Injury and Codling Moth. — 46th Ann. Rept. Entom. 

 Soc. Ontario, 1915, Toronto, 1916, pp. 40-43. [Received 

 10th October ]916.] 



Investigations into the causes of side-injury of apples in the western 

 part of New York State have shown that a connection exists between 

 this type of injury and late-hatching larvae of the first brood of Cydia 

 pomonella. Larvae hatching from eggs deposited in late June or early 

 July temporarily enter the surface of the developing fruit ; this 

 position is soon abandoned, and a migration to the blossom end occurs. 

 This type of injury is prevalent in orchards along the south shore of 

 Lake Ontario and is thus beheved to be indirectly due to local cUmatic 

 conditions. The minimum temperatures during the period of emerg- 

 ence of the adults are such that oviposition is prevented until late in 



