523 



now spread far northwards and has caused serious losses in New 

 England. It thrives in the Upper Austral zone, but is absent from the 

 mountains of Pennsylvania, though it occurs again to the west of them. 

 In Massachusetts, this beetle is found in the south of the State and in 

 the river valleys, but is absent from the northern higher parts. The 

 San Jose scale [Aspidiotus perniciosus] is most abundant in the Upper 

 and Lower Austral zones, but decreases in numbers further northwards. 

 In the transition zone of the Boreal region, this species has however 

 adapted itself to a certain extent to the lower temperature, but is never 

 able to cause severe injury. 



Hewitt (C. G.). Progress of Entomology in Canada during 1915. — 



46th Ann. Rept. Entom. Soc. Ontario, 1915, Toronto, 1916, 

 pp. 119-123. [Received 10th October 1916.] 



Successful work in controlling insect pests in the various provinces 

 was carried out during the year. In Nova Scotia increased spraying 

 along suitable lines resulted in the production of a larger quantity of 

 better fruit than in previous seasons. Locust control was undertaken) 

 with very satisfactory results in Quebec, while in southern Alberta 

 serious losses from injury by cutworms were prevented to a very con- 

 siderable degree. The most important new pests discovered were 

 Taeniothrips pt/ri (pear thrips) and Eriophyes ribis (currant bud mite), 

 both in British Columbia. The need for increased accommodation 

 for entomological work led to the erection of four new laboratories in 

 the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, and Alberta. 



Chrystal (R. N.). The Life-History of Chermes cooleyi, Gillette, in 

 Stanley Park, Vancouver, B.C. — 46th Ann. Rept. Entom. Soc. 

 Ontario, 1915, Toronto, 1916, pp. 123-130, 9 figs. [Received 

 10th October 1916.] 



Serious injury to Sitka spruce by Chermes cooleyi occurs in Vancouver. 

 Hibernating stem-mothers of this species are found on the twigs, 

 either immediately below the terminal bud, or as far as 3 inches 

 down the stem. In 1915 oviposition began during the first week in 

 April, several hundred eggs being laid in masses by a single individual. 

 Hatching took place in five or six days. The young take up a position 

 at the inner bases of the young needles, with the result that gall forma- 

 tion quickly follows. In this locality, as a rule, the gall completely 

 encircles the apex of the twig, generally involving the subsequent 

 death of the whole twig. The last moult takes place outside the gall 

 on one of the needles, the earliest date of emergence from the gall in 

 1915 being 25th June. The winged form that arises migrates to 

 Pseudotsuga mucronata (Douglas fir). Oviposition soon follows, from 

 100 to 150 eggs being laid. Hatching occurs in about seven days, and 

 the young remain without any apparent change on the needles until 

 the following spring. Activity is then resumed ; from 30 to 40 eggs 

 are laid on the needles of the Douglas fir, and these hatch at the end of 

 May or the beginning of June. This generation on Douglas fir is 

 dimorphic ; about half the number of individuals acquire wings and 

 migrate to Sitka spruce, while the remainder increase in size, secrete 



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