530 



fly [Mayetiola destructor], the plant when attacked by the latter usually 

 withstands the infestation better in the first instance and, in dying, 

 gradually changes to blueish green and then to yellow and brown. 

 In the succeeding generations, the injury by these flies is quite unlike 

 that of M. destructor, the former still preferring the lower portion of 

 the plant, while the summer attack of the latter can always be recognised 

 by the bending of the straws just above one of the joints, usually the 

 second. Mcromyza americana (greater wheat-stem maggot) is the 

 only Chloropid likely to be confused with the Hessian fly at this time. 

 In the summer brood it attacks plants just above the topmost joints, 

 causing " white heads," but never a bending of the stems. Of the 

 true Oscinella (Oscinis) spp. (lesser wheat maggots) only three have as 

 yet been reared from growing grain in Canada, viz : — Oscinella vari- 

 abilis, Lw., 0. coxendix, Fitch, and 0. dorsata, Lw. Several others, 

 however, occur in native grasses. Both 0. variabilis and 0. coxendix 

 are abundant in Canada. The latter was observed in Manitoba in 

 millions upon sheaves of oats in August. It was also the commonest 

 species throughout the autumn, being collected up to the time of the first 

 winter snow. As the flies are again plentiful within 24 hours of the 

 departure of snow in spring, it may be concluded that 0. coxendix 

 hibernates as an adult. These flies are more numerous in some fields 

 than in others. Summer-fallow upon which no self-sown plants are 

 permitted will be less liable to attack in the following spring than 

 similar land upon which there was an autumn growth of any grain. 

 As a rule, the most severely infested fields are grass lands that have 

 been ploughed late in autumn or in the spring and then sown with 

 cereals. Grain fields adjoining grass lands are also apt to sufter, but 

 not to the same extent. Winter wheat or rye is usually more severely 

 attacked, owing to the fact that the pests are able to establish them- 

 selves in the crops during the previous autumn and on emerging in 

 May find plenty of food at hand. Preventive measures, based on these 

 facts, are the only remedy under ordinary conditions. 



Weiss (H. B.). The Distribution of the Periodical Cicada in New 

 Jersey (Hem., Hom.). — Entom. Nars, Philadelphia, xxvii, no. 8, 

 October 1916, pp. 337-340, 1 plate. 



The detailed distribution of Tibicen sepfemdecim (periodical cicada) 

 in New Jersey is given, the infested areas being shown in a series of 

 small maps. 



Baker (A. C). U.S. Bur. Entom. The Identity of Erioso^na querci. 

 Fitch (Aphididae, Horn.). — Entom. News, Philadelphia, xxvii, 

 no. 8, October 1916, pp. 359-366, 1 fig. 



A careful study of the European literature and of material from 

 several European countries, as well as from Madeira and Japan, has 

 proved that the species of Anoecia found upon Cormis in America is 

 distinct from A. corni, F., of Europe, contrary to what has been 

 hitherto believed. The American form winters upon plants of the 

 same genus as does the European species and also migrates in summer 

 to roots of grasses. The Japanese form seems to agree with the 

 European. 



