MOSQUITOS OF THE PALAEARCTIC REGION. 273 



I do not anticipate that such will be found to be the case. In any event A. occidentalis 

 is much closer to A . maculipennis than is the Eastern North American A . quadri- 

 maculatus, which cUffers in larva, hypopygium, and adult coloration. This is a fact 

 of considerable interest, and is in line with what has been found in the genus Aedes. 



The early stages have been described in detail by Nuttall and Shipley, Lang and 

 others. The larvae are found most commonly in open, weedy water in low-lying 

 districts, sometimes in brackish water near the coast. 



Distribution. — Throughout Europe, from the Arctic to the Mediterranean ; North- 

 West Africa (except desert regions) ; and across Siberia to North-Western .'\merica ; 

 also recorded by Christophers from Upper Mesopotamia. 



5. Anopheles (Anopheles) elutus, sp. n. (hg. 2, e). 



Anopheles sp., Christophers, Ind. J. Med. Res. vii, p. 711 (1920). 

 Anopheles niacitlipennis var., Barraud, Bull., Ent. Res. xi, p. 389 (1921). 



Differs from A. maculipennis as follows : No trace of a pale spot in the fringe 

 at the tip of the wing, the fringe being uniformly dark. Dark spots at the bases 

 of the fork-cells and at. cross-veins very poorly developed, often hardly perceptible, 

 especially in the male. White frontal tuft small, rather inconspicuous. General 

 coloration of the body rather lighter than in A . maculipennis, the sides of the scutum 

 not any darker than the middle. Male hypopygium apparently identical with that 

 of A. maculipennis in structure, but the ninth tergite less strongly chitinised 

 relatively to the rest of the organs. Egg without lateral float-cells, evenly fringed 

 all round as in A. plmnheus, but resembling A. maculipennis in its more elongate 

 shape. 



Larva apparently identical with that of .4. maculipennis. 



Type, a male in the British Museum reared from larva taken in marsh at 

 Kishon, Palestine {Capt. P.J. Barraud). 



The credit for the recognition of this species belongs to Major Christophers, who 

 was the first to obtain the eggs. These are so different from those of A. maculipennis 

 that it is impossible to regard the two forms as varieties of one species, notwithstanding 

 the identity of the larvae and the close similarity between the adults. Major 

 Christophers' observation has been amply confirmed by Capt. Barraud, who reared 

 the species in Palestine, and presented material of all stages to the British Museum. 



Distribution. — Mesopotamia {Christophers) ; Palestine {Barraud) ; Syria 

 {Barraud) ; Macedonia {Waterston) ; Cyprus [Dr. G. A. Williamson) ; Transcaspia 

 (Amudaria, C. Ahnger, in coll. Helsingfors Mus.) ; West Caspian (Adzikabul, near 

 Baku, per Col. Wenyon) ; Steiermark (Admont, Strobl. ; in coll. L. Oldenberg) ; W. 

 Persia (Quritu, H. E. Shortt). 



In Palestine, Lower Mesopotamia and Transcaspia this species entirely replaces 

 A. maculipennis, but in Macedonia the two occur together. A. elutus appears 

 to be absent from Central and Northern Europe. 



6. Anopheles (Anopheles) lindesayi, Giles. 



Anopheles lindesaii, Giles, Gnats, p. 166 (1900). 



A very well-marked species, with no close all}^ unless the Japanese and Formosan 

 forms are regarded as distinct. In several respects it is- intermediate between the 

 Anopheles and Myzorhynchus groups ; the transition is perhaps made more complete 

 by A. gigas. 



A. lindesayi is usually found at high altitudes and breeds in mountain streams. 



According to Christophers' description and figure the ninth tergite of the male 

 hypopygium is broad and shield-like, but in the Japanese male I have examined it 

 has the usual narrow form, a narrow, curved strip, the ends being pushed out but 



