MOSQUITOS Ol'" THK PALAEARCTIC REGION. 277 



10. Anopheles (Myzomyia) pulcherrimus, Thco. (liu;. 2, g). 



Anopheles pidclicrrimus, Theobald, Pioo. K. Soc. l.xix, p. 369 (1902). 



A very well-marked species, easily distinguished Ironi all others in the Palaearctic 

 fauna, except A. pharocnsis, by having the abdomen densely covered with broad 

 flat scales, rather loosely applied and forming distinct lateral tufts. The front 

 femora are slightly swollen near the base, and in this point, as well as in the shaggily 

 scaled femalepalpi, A. pulcherrimus and A. pharocnsis seem to show some approach 

 to A. hyrcanus ; but the type of wing-markings and the structure of the male 

 hypopygium are typical of the subgenus Myzomyia. 



The early stages have been described by Vassiliev. 



Distribution. — Semi-arid regions of south-western Asia, from Turkestan and the 

 Punjab to Lower Mesopotamia. 



11 Anopheles (Myzomyia) pharoensis, Theo. 



Anopheles pharocnsis, Theobald, Mon. Cul. i, p. 169 (1901). 



Anopheles macuUcosta, Becker, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, ii, p. 69 (1903). 



Very similar to A. pulcherrimus, but is somewhat larger and has a broad dark 

 ring on the fourth hind tarsal joint ; usually also there is a pair of conspicuous black 

 spots about the middle of the mesonotum, which are not seen in A. pulcherrimus. 

 In both species the wing-membrane is deeply stained in the areas occupied by the 

 main patches of dark scales. A similar condition is seen in some American species, 

 and to some extent discounts Christophers' theory that all the pale markings of 

 Anopheles wings arose by bleaching from a primitive, uniformly dark condition. 



Distribution. — Essentiahy an Ethiopian species, being widely spread, though 

 not common, in tropical Africa, and occurring in Madagascar. Common in Lower 

 Egypt, and occurring rarely in Palestine { Bar r and). 



12. Anopheles (Myzomyia) stephensi, Liston (fig. 2, h). 



Anopheles stephensi, Liston, Ind. Med. Gaz. xxxvi (1901) ; Christophers, Ind. 

 J. Med. Res. iii, p. 481 (1916). 



The femora and tibiae are conspicuously spotted with white, and the abdomen 

 is almost covered with scales ; the scales are narrow, and less dense than those of 

 A. pharoensis and A. pulcherrimus, and never form lateral tufts. None of the 

 allied Oriental or Ethiopian species {A. maculatus, A. willmori, A . maculipalpis , 

 A. theobaldi, etc.) appear to have occurred within the area under chscussion, and 

 A. stephensi need not therefore be compared with them for our present purpose. 



Distribtdion. — An Indian species occurring in a localised area round Basra; at 

 the head of the Persian Gulf [Barraud and Christophers). 



13. Anopheles (Myzomyia) costalis, Theobald (fig. 2, i). 



Anopheles costalis, Theobald, Mon. Cul. i, p. 157 (1901). 



} Anopheles costalis, Loew, Berhn. ent. Zeitschr., x, p. 55 (1886). 



Anopheles arahiensis, Patton, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xvi, p. 625 (1905). 



The spots on the femora and tibiae vary in number and intensity, but are always 

 present, and together with the absence of abdominal scales render the species an 

 easy one to identify when Palaearctic forms alone are considered. The female 

 palpi have three whitish rings, the terminal one broad and including the whole of 

 the last joint. 



I am informed by Dr. Enderlein that Loew's type of A. costalis is not now in his 

 collection in the Berlin Zoological Museimi. 



