MOSQUITOS OF THE PALAEARCTIC REGION. 291 



Prof. M. Bezzi has kindly re-examined for me Rondani's types in the Florence Museum, 

 and reports that though the thorax in both specimens is much damaged by the pin, 

 it is black, " even deep black," and there are traces of white lines, and two white 

 spots in the middle of the scutellum. There can therefore be little or no doubt of 

 the identity of C. pulchripalpis and 0. albionensis. 



The larva lives in tree-holes, and shows the modifications commonly found in 

 such a habitat. It has been described by MacGregor and Lang. 



Distribution. — Italy ; England (Epping Forest) ; France (near Paris, Seguy). 

 The species may not be so rare as is supposed, since all the specimens so far known 

 (with the probable exception of Rondani's types) have been obtained by rearing. 



Genus Taeniorhynchus, Arrib. 



This genus may be distinguished in the adult from Culex by the absence of 

 empodia ; from Theobaldia by the absence of spiracular bristles ; and from Aedes 

 by the absence of a definite "tibial scraper" (a close-set row of bristles at the tip), 

 by the non-retractile eighth segment of the female abdomen and the structure of 

 the male hypopygium. The wing-scales vary greatly in width in the different species, 

 but are nearly always broader than in Aedes or Culex. Although no more satis- 

 factory distinctions can be discovered in the adults, the larval siphon is so wonder- 

 fully modified that on this character the genus is extremely well marked. At the 

 same time the larval structure of Mansoniodes is so nearly identical with that of 

 Taeniorhynchus and Coquillettidia that the three are much best regarded as subgenera 

 under the main genus Taeniorhynchus, in spite of some rather conspicuous differences 

 in the adults. 



The only known Palaearctic species* belongs to the subgenus Coquillettidia, 

 to which belong also the North American species and the rather numerous African 

 and Oriental species placed by Theobald in Chrysoconops. Coquillettidia differs 

 from the other subgenera in having no post-spiracular bristles, and this affords 

 a further distinction from Aedes, in which a few of the bristles are apparently 

 always present. 



Taeniorhynchus (Coquillettidia) richiardii (Fie). 



Culex richiardii, Ficalbi, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. xxi, p. 50 (1889), and xxxi, p. 199 

 (1899). 



The rather broad wing-scales and the pale ring in the middle of the first joint 

 of the hind tarsus will distinguish this species from other mosquitos in the European 

 fauna. 



The bionomics and morphology of the early stages have been described in detail 

 by Wesenberg-Lund. 



Distribution. — Apparently occurs somewhat locally throughout Europe, except 

 probably in the far north, and extends into Palestine. Some apparently new records 

 are : Sweden (Smaland, Stockholm, Boheman) ; Hungary (Keszthely, Kertesz) ; 

 Austria (Freistadt, Frauenfeld). 



Genus Aedes, Mg. 

 This genus, as a whole, is characterised as follows : — Proboscis of uniform 

 thickness throughout. Palpi of the female less than one-quarter as long as 

 the proboscis. Antennae distinctly plumose in the male, with the last two joints 

 elongate ; with moderately long verticils in the female, all the flagellar joints 

 being about equal in length. Eyes distinctly separated. A continuous row of 

 orbital bristles. Pronotal lobes widely separated. Pro-epimeral bristles about 



* The South American T. titillans has been recorded from Rumania by Leon, but no doubt 

 incorrectly. 



