402 W. A. LAMBORN, 



Trade. — The trade of the port is mostly with other coastal places, for owing to 

 trade depression, particularly in tea, for which until a few years ago Fuchow was 

 one of the world's centres, large ships rarely put in. As showing how great has been 

 the falling off in trade, it may be mentioned that, whereas in 1893 the total export 

 of tea was" 65,794,894 lb., it had dwindled to only 6,941,877 lb. by 1918. 



Steamers, mostly European-owned, run to and from Hong Kong, while the steamer 

 trade to Shanghai is largely in the hands of the Chinese. During a part of the year 

 motor schooners, trading under the Japanese flag, run to and from Formosa, and a 

 very occasional ship brings kerosene from San Francisco. 



Climate. — The seasons correspond roughh^ with our own, the summers being as 

 a rule excessiyely hot, while in winter, when snow may fall, an icy blast sweeps down 

 over the hundreds of miles of flat treeless country to the north. No data as to rainfall 

 were available. 



Water Supply. — There is no public supply. Water is usually taken from the Min 

 at low tide and is slightly brackish, but there are a few surface wells in the grave- 

 yards, the only open spaces in the city. As is usual in native towns without a pipe 

 suppl}^ water is stored in large earthenware jars, which are also used for collecting 

 rain-water. 



Sanitation and Quarantine. — Such sanitation as is attempted appears to be due 

 entirely to the demand for excreta for agricultural purposes. Scavengers, usually 

 women, carrying uncovered wooden buckets, make a house-to-house collection day 

 by day, and from time to time bale out the contents of earthenware jars disposed 

 in odd corners for tlie convenience of passers-by, and vie with each other in seeking 

 to obtain for sale such casual deposits as may be promiscuously made elsewhere. 

 The material, after long storage in primitive septic tanks, is dumped on the rice- 

 fields. The effect of this pollution on mosquito breeding would seem to be a point 

 well worth determining. Other waste water is either thrown directly into the street, 

 or, escaping under the walls of the houses into a pit on the outside, forms possible 

 breeding places. No measures against mosquitos are in force. 



A European Medical Officer, under the Chinese Maritime Customs, is stationed 

 at Pagoda Anchorage ; all ocean-going ships are subject to his inspection and he is 

 able to enforce quarantine there. 



Such hospitals as there are in the town, with a total of about 250 beds, are connected 

 with the various Missions, which in the past have attempted to deal with any epidemics 

 that have arisen. During the outbreak of cholera in 1919 which, it is estimated, 

 resulted in the death of no fewer than 40,000 people, a large number of temporary 

 hospitals were erected by the American Red Cross. 



Mosquitos. — The following is a list of the mosquitos obtained : Stegomyia alhopicta^ 

 Skuse {=-- scutellaris, Theo.), Culex fatigans, Wied., C. tritaeniorhynchus, Giles, and 

 A. hyrcanus, Pall. (— sinensis, Wied.). 



Stegomyia albopicta. — The larvae of this species teemed in all water-jars left 

 standing. These seemed to be the only breeding places available to the insect, 

 which favours artificial breeding places ; for the thrift of the Chinese leads them to 

 collect all old tins, broken bottles and similar receptacles, such as in the vicinity of 

 habitations in the Federated Malay States afford abundant opportunities for the 

 insect. 



It was usually possible to determine the species of larvae in particular vessels 

 by examination of the adults found newly emerged on the inside at almost any hour 

 of the day. But although long series of larvae were collected from numerous places, 

 no single specimen of S. fasciata was obtained. 



Culex fatigans. — The larvae of this species sw-armed in the foul-smelling waste 

 water from houses, and in certain ponds which had once been used for fish cultivation 



