404 VV. A. LAMBORN. 



with a large native staff. Anti-mosquito measures are thoroughly carried out. 

 For the purposes of mosquito reduction a special staff of Chinese coolies is organised 

 from the middle of March until the end of October, and works under the direction 

 of Inspectors, who make written notes of those places where stagnant water occurs, 

 such as Chinese gardens, empty houses and defective gullies, such spots subsequent^ 

 receiving special attention. 



By means of posters and leaflets in the languages commonly spoken an 

 endeavour is made to instruct the people as to the necessity for mosquito 

 control, but the difficulties of this are enhanced by the supineness of the Chinese 

 authorities controlling the part of the town outside the Settlements. Within the 

 actual limits of these the search for mosquitos was fruitless ; outside it the larvae 

 of some dominant species were obtained abundantly, and it was said that mosquitos 

 in the European part of the town are a nuisance, as a rule, only in the late summer, 

 gradually extending in from the Chinese quarters. 



The shipping and quarantine are under the control of the Chinese Maritime 

 Customs. A medical officer visits ships when necessary and .when they come from 

 infected ports. The quarantine station, where hospital accommodation and fumiga- 

 tion apparatus are provided, is some miles down stream. 



Mosquitos. — The following is a list of the species obtained : Sicgomyia alhopicta, 

 Ciilex fatigans, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, C. virgatipes, Edw., and Anopheles hyrcanus. 

 Three of these species, with Armigeres ventralis, Walk., are recorded in the report of 

 the Health Officer of Shanghai for 1920 as having been collected in the course of 

 examinations made by the staff. The two new records concern C. tritaeniorhynclnts 

 and C. virgatipes. 



Stegomyia alhopicta. — A search for four days in various parts of the International 

 and French Settlements entirely failed to bring to light any larvae of Stegomyia. 

 On the fifth day access was obtained, through the kind intervention of Mr. E. Kilner, 

 Chief Sanitary Inspector, to a Chinese-owned greenhouse, standing by itself 

 and not at that season artificially heated, where in the water under five out of eleven 

 little fern-covered rockeries kept in pans the larvae of this species were for the first 

 time obtained. They were subsequently found in one other similar situation, but a 

 further search for them elsewhere was entirely fruitless. No other species of 

 Stegomyia was obtained. The scarcity of this insect at that time may well have been 

 due to inclemency of season, which was said to have been unusually cold throughout, 

 the mean daily temperature during the stay of five days in Shanghai being 61°, 

 a bitter northerly wind blowing. 



. Culex fatigans. — The larvae of this species were foimd in open drains from houses 

 and in the trenches draining vegetable plots. 



Ciilex virgatipes. — This species was found in the same breeding places with 

 C . fatigans, but in greater abundance. 



Culex tritaeniorhynchus. — A single female example of this species, of very large 

 size, was bred from a pupa found in a small swamp associated with those of 

 A. hyrcanus. 



Anopheles hyrcanus. — The larvae of this species were obtained in fair abundance 

 n foul and stagnant water in swamps on the outskirts. 



Nagasaki. 



Nagasaki is situated in latitude 32° 45' North and longitude 129° 52' East, at 

 the head of an inlet some three miles long at the western extremit}" of the island 

 of Kyushu, which is about 469 miles from Shanghai. Being the most southerly 

 of the ports of Japan it is the first port of call of the eastward steamers from India, 

 the South Seas, China and the Philippines. It is largely built at the foot of hills 



