HELIX. 49 



" In H. clausa the umbilical region is more widely exca- 

 vated, and the groove, behind the reflected lip, producing 

 the contraction of the aperture, is continued at the base 

 of the shell, becoming wider as it joins the umbilical 

 opening. In H. Mitchelliana the groove is almost obliter- 

 ated at the point of reflection of the lip over the um- 

 bilicus, by the more tumid character of the last whorl." 



HELIX BERLANDERIANA Mokicaxd vol. ii. p. xlix. fig. 1. 



Helix Berlaiideriana Desha yes, 3d ed. Lam. iii. 316. 



Chemnitz, ed. 2, ii. 275, pi. cxxiii. figs. 15-18. 

 Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Viv. iii. 227, (nee. i.) 

 Reeve, Con. Icon. No. 708, (1852). 

 Helix pachyloma Menke in Pfeiffer 1. c. i. 323; Zeitschr. f. Mai. 1847, p. 32. 

 Helix virffinalis Pfeiffek, Mon. Hel. Viv. iii. 132, i. 165 sttd mmine Berlander- 

 iance. 

 Chemnitz, ed. 2, i. 260, pi. xxxviii. figs. 18, 19. 



There is considerable confusion in the synonymy of this 

 species, owing to the extreme varieties having been con- 

 sidered distinct species. I have never seen H. virg-inalis, 

 but am persuaded by the description and figure published 

 by Pfeiffer in Chemnitz that it is identical with Berlander- 

 iana. I give below his description and on pi. 77, fig. 22, 

 a fac-simile of his figure. Those persons who follow him 

 in separating the two, will remove H. virg-inalis and its 

 references from the above synonymy. In so doing, it 

 must be borne in mind that the shell described by him as 

 Berlanderiana in vol. i. of the Monograph, is in vol. iii. 

 considered virginalis. (See also Zeitschr. f. Mai. 1848, 

 p. 115.) 



Pfeiffer acknowledges in vol. iii. that his pachyloma of 

 vol. i. is the true Berlanderiana. 



The shell figured on pi. 49 as H. albozonata will be 

 treated under the following species. 



The species is found also in Mexico. 

 7 



