ASTARTE. 121 



margin, until the shell has arrived at its full dimensions, and the 

 margin of the valves begins to thicken, as it always does ; and then, 

 so far as my observation goes, there is alivai/s a crenulatcd margin ; 

 so that this is merely a mark of maturity. 



In the next place, Turton and others, with apparently good rea- 

 sons, conclude that the sulcata and the Danmonia are the same. 

 It is certain that jMontagu's figure of Daniiioiiia., and Turton's of 

 si(/cata, in his '" British Bivalves," represent precisely the same 

 shell. Turton, however, has fallen into Montagu's error of making 

 two species, the Scotica and sulcata, which he says are precisely 

 alike in all respects exce})t the margin. l]oth the figures accurately 

 represent one of the forms found on our coast, and that which might 

 be regarded as the intermediate form. 



Two pretty well marked grouj)s of this furrowed species may be 

 made out. One in which the shells are somewhat elongated, and 

 pointed posteriorly, of an oval shajjc, undulations about fifteen, and 

 very strongly marked, epidermis very dark greenish-yellow. Some 

 of them are quite inequipartite, and occasionally the undulations 

 vanish not fiir below the summit, and the remainder of the surface 

 is merely wrinkled. These do not correspond with any British 

 shells or figures I have seen. They may possibly prove to be dis- 

 tinct ; and, if so, I would name them A. umlata. 



In the other group the shell is rounded, the l)eaks nearly central, 

 broad posteriorly, and usually a little blunted or truncated at the 

 point ; the undulations are much more numerous, twenty and up- 

 wards, and of course more crowded ; the epidermis is dark yellow- 

 ish-brown, or piceous. These I regard as the true A. Danmonien- 

 sis. They agree with the figures of Montagu and Turton, and with 

 the outlines given by Colonel Totten. 



Astarte semisulcata. 



Fig. 47. 



Shell sub-orbicular, compressed, concentrically wrinkled, epidermis yellowish- 

 brown ; an obsolete marginal tooth in each valve ; margin plain. 



Crasslna semisuJrata, Leach, in Ross's Voy. Append. 175. 



Astarte arctica, FoKBES and Hanl. Br. Moll. i. 461, t. 30, fig. 7. — Sowerby, Thcs. 



Conch, ii. 780, t. 67, figs. 17, 18, 20. 

 Astarte semisulcata. Gray, Cat. Br. M. (Br. Biv.) 92. 



Cmssina arctica, Gray, Append, to Parry's Voy. — Hanley, Recent Shells, i. 88. 

 Astarte borealis, Philippi, Abbild. ii. 58 (Astarte), t. 1, fig. 11. — McAnd. and Forbes, 



Ann. Nat. Hist. xix. 98 (1847). —Forbes, Mem. Geol. Survey, i. 412. 



