Hybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) Baill. - GPF, HDH, KTZ, SFE. W&W, E 

 Viola 



(W.I &. NS - the genus is badl\ in need of revision in North America using well-articulated species criteria. The 



reworking of accepted tax a should be in context {minimally} of all North American material. See also Kelso03 



and Mickinney92] 

 Viola adunca J. E. Sm. - DornOl. SF!, W&W, E/W 



[Viola adunca J. E. Sm. ex Rees] - UTF 



[Viola adunca J. E. Sm. subsp. adunca] - HDH 



[Viola adunca J. E. Sm. subsp. ashtonae M. S. Baker] - HDH 



[Viola adunca J. E. Sm. subsp. radicosa M. S. Baker] - HDH 



[Viola adunca J. E. Sm. var. adunca] - GPF, KTZ 

 Viola affinis Leconte - KTZ, E 



[Viola pratincola Greene] - GPF 



[Viola sororia Willd. subsp. affinis (Leconte) McKinney] - SFE 



[Viola sororia Willd. var. affinis (Leconte) McKinney] - DornOl. W&W 1 

 •i*Viola bicolor Pursh - KTZ, E 



| Viola kitaibeliana Roem. & Schult. var. rafinesquei (Greene) Fernald| - SIT. W&W 



[Viola rafinesquii Greene] - GPF, HDH 

 Viola biflora L. - HDH, SF!, W&W, E/W 



[Viola biflora L. subsp. biflora] - KTZ 

 Viola biternata Greene 



[WJ - see comments under V. sheltonii| 

 Viola canadensis L. - DornOl, UTF, E/W 



[Viola canadensis L. var. canadensis] - HDH 



[Viola canadensis L. var. rugulosa (Greene) C. L. Hitchc] - GPF. KTZ 



[Viola canadensis L. var. scopulorum A. Gray] - HDH, KTZ 



[Viola rugulosa Greene] - HDH, W&W 1 



[Viola rydbergii Greene] - SF!, W&W 



[Viola scopulorum (A. Gray) Greene] - SF!, W&W 



Viola labradorica Schrank - KTZ, SF!, W&W, E/W 



[WJ - probably too many intermediates with V. adunca to recognize al the specific level. Small plants typical 

 of higher elevations also extend well down into montane and (he big plants extend into the subalpine; see HDH] 

 [Viola adunca J. F. Sm. vnr. bellidifolia (Greene) Harrington | - HDH 



Viola macloskeyi Lloyd var. pallens (Banks ex DC.) C. L. Hitchc. - E/W 



[Viola palustris L.] - WJ (pers. comm. 2004. see comments under V. palustris) 



[Viola macloskeyi Lloyd var. macloskeyi] - GPF 



[Viola macloskeyi Lloyd subsp. pallens (DC.) C. I. Hitchc. | - SF! 



[Viola macloskeyi Lloyd subsp. pallens (Banks ex DC.) M. S. Baker] - KTZ, W&W 

 Viola missouriensis Greene - KTZ, M&H 



[Viola sororia var. missouriensis (Greene) McKinney] - KWA, KTZ 

 Viola nephrophylla Greene - GPF, KTZ, UTF, E/W 



[Viola sororia Willd.] -SFW 



(Viola sororia Willd. subsp. affinis (Leconte) McKinney] - SFE 



Viola nuttallii Pursh - DornOl, GPF, WJ, KTZ, SF!, W&W, E/W 



[WJ - should include also V. praemorsa and V. vallicola. Only one laxon present in CO and oldest name is V. 

 nuttallii. One can find leaves of all three "species" in one population, often on same plant, lype locality of V. 

 praemorsa is on Pacific coast. V. nuttallii leaves are long and narrow, whereas V. praemorsa are wider. There 

 is a tendency for leaves to widen as one goes west from the Great Plains but where nuttallii ends and praemorsa 

 begins is an unsolvable question. V. vallicola is stipposed to have al least one leaf that is somewhat cordate to 

 truncate at the base (fide VI. Baker monograph). It is eas> to find such leaves carl} in the season and they 

 lengthen as the plant matures. I have photographed plants in a natural area near my house and all three 

 "species" are present in that population] 



306 



Snow, N. Januar\ 21)0'). ( lieukliM of Va^iilai IT.uils nlOie SiuilJicin Kncki MnunUim ^siimii. I Version .i:. 



