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At the present time, through the combined work of all those 
interested in the hereditary make-up of peas, there is extant a 
considerable body of knowledge concerning the mode of inherit- 
ance of over 120 characters of peas. The effect which the pres- 
ence of many of these characters in the same plant has on eacii 
other is also known, as for example when the hereditary deter- 
miner for yellow pod is present in the same plant with one that 
we call purple-pod, the plant has beautiful rich red pods, pro- 
vided also the B determiner for flower color is present. If the 
determiner for green pod color is substituted for that of yellow, 
the pods on such a plant are dark, deep, but rather dull purple. 
In the presence of colored flowers a seed may have a rich brown 
network pattern, called Maple, but if the flowers are white, the 
pattern shows so dimly that we refer to it as Ghost-maple. 
We also have a fair understanding of the hereditary elements 
that primarily determine whether a plant shall bloom in fifty 
days from planting or very much later. We know that ie 
flowered plants in general are earlier blooming than those with 
colored flowers, irrespective of whether they are dwarfs or talls. 
The earliest bloomer of the several hundred varieties we have 
tested is in all cases Velocity, a variety with white flowers, and 
10-15 long internodes (portions of stem between the leaves), 
From the internode standpoint, it belongs to the talls, although the 
trade refers varieties of this type to a class called half-dwarf. 
Many of the canner’s peas belong to this general class. Our latest 
flowering varieties are Spate Gold (a white-flowered, very tali 
type from Germany) and “ Ruby,” a tall colored-flower type with 
peas that are red when immature instead of the ordinary green. 
Colored flowers and late flowering on the one hand, and white 
flowers and early flowering on the other hand, are pairs of char- 
acters that, much of the time at least, are inherited together, 
though not always. This illustrates what we mean by speaking 
of the relations of characters to each other in inheritance. We 
are able to tell by the color of the seed whether the plant will 
produce pink, red-purple, or white flowers, because there is prac- 
tically an absolute association in inheritance between certain seed- 
coat colors and certain flower colors. 
Understanding of the manner of inheritance of pea characters 
