283 
26. Antonio Mori (Acting) (1880-1881) 
27. Giovanni Arcangeli (1881-1915) 
8. Biagio Longo (1915-1929) 
29. Ugolino Martelli (Acting) (1929-1930) 
30. Alberto Chiarugi (1930— 
iw) 
Open free to the public daily. Source of income: Government, 
through the R. Universita di Pisa. Library: About 10,000 items. 
Herbarium: About 100,000 sheets. Plantations: Systematic, eco- 
logic. Arboretum (including shrubs). Publications: Acta Horti 
Pisani (Vol. I, 1930-37; Vol. II, me Index Seminum. Study 
material sometimes supplied to school 
Historical Note: The first three cee gardens of the world 
are Pisa, Padua, and Florence, and it has long been a mooted ques- 
tion as to which of the first two is the oldest. M. Lavallée, as 
President of the Société Nationale d’Horticulture de France, de- 
livered an address on August 16, 1882, which is reported in the 
Gardeners’ Chronicle (England), for July 7, 1883. In that ad- 
dress he credits the establishment of a botanic garden in Pisa 
(“the first botanic garden” he calls it) to the Grand Duke Cosimo 
de Medici I, of Florence, and gives the date as 1543. 
Mattiolus, in the Preface to his Commentaries, published in 1559, 
says that it was the new garden at Padua that inspired Cosimo to 
found the garden at Pisa. Pontedera, in his posthumous work 
(E pistolae ac dissertationes, DP: Zin iver says that Padua, 
founded in 1545, was the first garden, Pisa later (“ Primus hortus 
patavinus existit, qui ab anno 1545 principium ducit, pisanum 
autem secundum titulus januae superpositus ostendit ” 
C. Fedeli (Atti Soc. Tosc. Sct. Nat. proc. verb., p. Xxvul, pp. 
8-20. 1918.) states that the Pisa Garden was founded in 1544 
“one year before Padua,” but Robert DeVisiani, director of the 
Padua garden from 1836 to 1878, and his successor, Pier Andrea 
Saccardo, insist on a later date (subsequent to 1545). 
The latest careful study of this question is that of Emilio Chio- 
venda (Note sulla fondazione degli orti medici di Padova e di Pisa. 
Estratto dagh “ Atti dell’VIII Congresso Internazionale di Storia 
della Medicina. Roma, Settembre 22-27, 1930.” Pisa, Stab. V. 
Lischi & Figh. 1931). He refers to DeVisiani’s assertion that 
the Pisa garden could not have been founded in 1544, since it is 
