[02 
As the ice edge finaliy receded northward this (partly new) 
arctic and sub-arctic flora and fauna migrated with it, and became 
established over the region previously covered by the ice. A cer- 
tain percentage of the present local flora plants are the descendants 
of these forms. 
For a brief period just following the final recession of the ice 
it seems probable that there was little vegetation on Long Island, 
Among the northern forms that finally became established were 
the Harebell or Blue Bells of Scotland (Campanula rotundifolia), 
the Cloudberry (Rubus Chamaemorus) and the Crowberry (Eim- 
petrum migrum). These are rare on Long Island, but common 
farther north. 
In the herbarium of the Broklyn Botanic Garden are two speci- 
mens of the Cloudberry or Mountain Bramble (Rubus chamae- 
morus) collected in a bog near Montauk Point, Long Island, in 
1908 by Dr. William C. Braislin, of Brooklyn. As one passes 
northward irom Long Island, this plant is not found again south 
It ranges from Labrador and Newfound- 
_— 
of New Hampshire. 
land to New Hampshire and west to British Columbia and Alaska. 
seing an arctic or sub-arctic bog plant, it found a congenial bog 
ll- 
environment in this extreme southern outpost of its range, te 
tale evidence of the glacial period. 
The Ice Age and Plant Geography 
It is known to all students of plant geography “ that, notwith- 
standing the comparative proximity of Japan to Western North 
America, fewer of its species are represented there than in far 
distant urope. Also,—showing that this difference is not owing 
to the separation by an ocean,—that far more Japanese plants 
are represented in [astern North America than in either.” This 
quotation is from the well known American botanist, Asa Gray,! 
and is based upon his tabulation of the distribution of Japanese 
plants and their nearest allies in the Northern temperate zone. If 
we regard the identical species only, in the several floras (Europe, 
Central and Northern Asia, Japan, Western North America, and 
1 Gray, Asa. Observations upon the relations of the Japanese flora to 
that of North America, etc. Botanical Memoirs. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 
and Sciences 6: 377-452. Boston and Cambridge. April 25, 1859. 
