286 
inches in length are made around the column of the trunk or 
The stems are then gently twisted and tied with soft 
branch. 
It requires great skill 
copper wire or, better, with wisteria twine. 
to make the scar as invisible as possible, for the value of the speci- 
men is greatly lowered if the scars are very pronounced. 
Fic. 8. Tsutsuji, or Azalea. This specimen, in a Shigaraki pottery jar- 
dinier, is about fifty years old. (6378) 
The operations on the trees must be performed during the early 
forenoon, for it is believed that at that time there is less likelihood 
of the stem or branch breaking off. In order to facilitate the work, 
the trainer applies a solution of Funori, a Japanese glue, made 
from the marine alga, Gloiopeltis furcata. This softens the stems, 
