306 
ing stones, as the illustration shows, suggesting that portability 
was a requirement, whereas in the northern area of their distri- 
bution the metates are legless, because they were almost always 
set permanently in place. 
In the United States beyond the Pueblo area the true metate 
is not found ; but throughout that region from the earliest Pueblo 
culture which had its rise in the introduction of corn, metates and 
manos are found in large numbers in the ruins of dwellings and 
sometimes in the open; and they vary little in form from those 
in daily use at the present time. 
— 
Fic. 14. After C. V. Hartman. Ancient metate from Costa Rica. The 
carving represents a bird. 
The metate and mano in the Botanic Garden were found several 
years ago in Arizona on the site now submerged by the great 
Roosevelt reservoir on Salt river. Ruins of the houses and of 
entire settlements of ancient corn-farmers are scattered over this 
whole region. 
Mortars Used in the East 
In the eastern part of our country the common implement for 
shelling corn was a wooden peg or the jawbone of a deer with 
