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by the feudal lords. Man}^ of these have been destroyed and 

 others have been converted into public parks. 



There are two main styles of the landscape garden, the Artificial 

 Hill or Tsiiki-yoiua. in which mountains, ravines, waterfalls, and 

 other natural features are represented. The other type is the 

 Level Garden or Hira-nizua. 



In the 15th Century, three styles of elaboration, finished, inter- 

 mediary, and sketch, or Shm, Gyo and ^0, in other words, formal, 

 semi-formal and informal, came into vogne in the art of garden 

 making. Their applications vary according to the usage of quan- 

 tities in stones, streams or lakes with hills, depending chiefly on 

 the degree of elaboration, any definite line of demarkation being 

 a task impossible to draw here. The Brooklyn Japanese Garden 

 may be called a semi-formal or intermediary type (Gyo-no-nizva) . 



Tea garden (Cha-nkva) is another distinct type attaching to 

 the tea villa (Cha-scki). It is generally confined to a small area. 

 l)Ut it is most tastefully designed, deft in grouping rocks with 

 trees and shrubs, producing a fascinating l)it of nature, which is 

 a source of genuine admiration. The style was originated by 

 Soami, a master painter and favorite associate of Shogun Yoshi- 

 mara (r436-T49o) in the Silver Pavilion Temple (Ginkakuji) , 

 in a narrow space partitioned oiT from the garden proper. Later, 

 Sen-no-Rikyu perfected its style. The stones and all accessories 

 for the tea garden are selected with great care as to their form, 

 color and patina. A green moss-covered stone is highly desired. 

 for the garden must look natural and ancient with quiet refine- 

 ment. 



Miniature Landscape Gardens 



In Old Ja|)an a small open space surrounded by buildings was 

 called Secluded Yard (Tsiibo). At the present time, trees or 

 shrubs arranged in an open space are frequently called the Front 

 Planting (Scncai). These are in contrast to the large gardens 

 in the Buddhist temples with their vista of natural landscape with 

 running water and other artificial features. Such a garden is 

 called a Forest and Spring Garden (Rinsen). 



Esteem for the Japanese garden is so high that the expenditure 

 for the garden is often much greater than that for the residence. 

 Even where there is only a small amount of space, a characteris'ic 



